{"doi":"10.1038/srep29022","title":"Discovery and identification of candidate genes from the chitinase gene family for Verticillium dahliae resistance in cotton","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Verticillium dahliae</jats:italic>, a destructive and soil-borne fungal pathogen, causes massive losses in cotton yields. However, the resistance mechanism to <jats:italic>V. dahilae</jats:italic> in cotton is still poorly understood. Accumulating evidence indicates that chitinases are crucial hydrolytic enzymes, which attack fungal pathogens by catalyzing the fungal cell wall degradation. As a large gene family, to date, the chitinase genes (<jats:italic>Chis</jats:italic>) have not been systematically analyzed and effectively utilized in cotton. Here, we identified 47, 49, 92 and 116 <jats:italic>Chi</jats:italic>s from four sequenced cotton species, diploid <jats:italic>Gossypium raimondii</jats:italic> (D<jats:sub>5</jats:sub>), <jats:italic>G. arboreum</jats:italic> (A<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>), tetraploid <jats:italic>G. hirsutum</jats:italic> acc. TM-1 (AD<jats:sub>1</jats:sub>) and <jats:italic>G. barbadense</jats:italic> acc. 3–79 (AD<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>), respectively. The orthologous genes were not one-to-one correspondence in the diploid and tetraploid cotton species, implying changes in the number of <jats:italic>Chi</jats:italic>s in different cotton species during the evolution of <jats:italic>Gossypium</jats:italic>. Phylogenetic classification indicated that these <jats:italic>Chis</jats:italic> could be classified into six groups, with distinguishable structural characteristics. The expression patterns of <jats:italic>Chis</jats:italic> indicated their various expressions in different organs and tissues and in the <jats:italic>V. dahliae</jats:italic> response. Silencing of <jats:italic>Chi23</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Chi32</jats:italic>, or <jats:italic>Chi47</jats:italic> in cotton significantly impaired the resistance to <jats:italic>V. dahliae</jats:italic>, suggesting these genes might act as positive regulators in disease resistance to <jats:italic>V. dahliae</jats:italic>.</jats:p>","journal":"Scientific Reports","year":2016,"id":43280,"datarank":2.417543950022613,"base_score":4.127134385045092,"endowment":4.127134385045092,"self_citation_contribution":0.6190701577567639,"citation_network_contribution":1.7984737922658487,"self_endowment_contribution":0.6190701577567639,"citer_contribution":1.7984737922658487,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":61,"citer_count":57,"citers_with_citation_signal":51,"citers_with_endowment":51,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":181784,"name":"Xiaoyang Xu","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":205934,"name":"Liangliang Tian","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":30020,"name":"Guilin Wang","orcid":"0000-0002-7835-3186","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":205935,"name":"Xueying Zhang","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":205936,"name":"Xinyu Wang","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":205389,"name":"Wangzhen Guo","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":35938,"name":"Jun Xu","orcid":"0000-0002-7140-7823","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"base_score":4.127134385045092,"endowment":4.127134385045092,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"27354165","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2471959736","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":3.3082,"citation_percentile":0.9230941,"influential_citations":4,"citation_trend":[{"year":2017,"count":3},{"year":2018,"count":5},{"year":2019,"count":11},{"year":2020,"count":11},{"year":2021,"count":3},{"year":2022,"count":8},{"year":2023,"count":4},{"year":2024,"count":6},{"year":2025,"count":8},{"year":2026,"count":2}],"oa_status":"gold","license":"cc-by","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/srep29022.pdf","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep29022","host_type":"GOLD"},{"url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/srep29022.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/srep29022","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27354165","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4926273","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Studies on Chitinases and Chitosanases","Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity","Cocoa and Sweet Potato Agronomy","Biology","Medicine","Agricultural and Food Sciences","Environmental Science","Chitinases","Chromosome Mapping","Chromosomes, Plant","Diploidy","Disease Resistance","Gene Expression Regulation, Plant","Gene Silencing","Genes, Plant","Genome-Wide Association Study","Gossypium","Multigene Family","Phylogeny","Plant Proteins","Species Specificity","Tetraploidy","Verticillium"],"mesh_terms":["Chitinases","Chromosome Mapping","Gossypium","Diploidy","Multigene Family","Phylogeny","Plant Proteins","Species Specificity","Genes, Plant","Gene Expression Regulation, Plant","Verticillium","Gene Silencing","Chromosomes, Plant","Genome-Wide Association Study","Tetraploidy","Disease Resistance"],"keywords":["Verticillium dahliae","Gossypium barbadense","Gossypium","Biology","Chitinase","Gene","Ploidy","Verticillium wilt","Gene family","Plant disease resistance","Verticillium","Genetics","Botany","Gene expression"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Life in Land"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-06-14T21:38:38.853568Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}