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Despite the advance of lipid-lowering therapies and anti-hypertensive agents, the residual risk of an atherosclerotic event remains high, and developing therapeutic strategies has proven challenging. This is due to the complexity of atherosclerosis with a spatial interplay of multiple cell types within the vascular wall. In this study, we generated an integrative high-resolution map of human atherosclerotic plaques combining single-cell RNA sequencing from multiple studies and spatial transcriptomics data from 12 human specimens with different stages of atherosclerosis. Here we show cell-type-specific and atherosclerosis-specific expression changes and spatially constrained alterations in cell-cell communication. We highlight the possible recruitment of lymphocytes via ACKR1 endothelial cells of the vasa vasorum, the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells toward the lumen by transforming into fibromyocytes and cell-cell communication in the plaque region, indicating an intricate cellular interplay within the adventitia and the subendothelial space in human atherosclerosis.","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":4.127134385045092,"endowment":4.127134385045092,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"39715784","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4405700051","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"European Commission","grant_id":"677448","title":"Targeting perivascular myofibroblast progenitors to treat cardiac fibrosis and heart failure in chronic kidney disease"},{"funder_name":"European Commission","grant_id":"101043403","title":"Identification of novel diagnostic, predictive and therapeutic strategies in chronic kidney disease"}],"total_grants":2,"fwci":9.7924,"citation_percentile":0.98988326,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2025,"count":32},{"year":2026,"count":29}],"oa_status":"green","license":"other-oa","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/en/publications/a709adf5-3d93-42ed-ae9e-f7bef22ff4a0","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/en/publications/a709adf5-3d93-42ed-ae9e-f7bef22ff4a0","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44161-024-00582-1","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39715784","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://handle.uba.uva.nl/personal/pure/en/publications/encompassing-view-of-spatial-and-singlecell-rna-sequencing-renews-the-role-of-the-microvasculature-in-human-atherosclerosis(d3541bfa-82ef-4a97-99ac-4afcd08d1aaa).html","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://pure.eur.nl/en/publications/fccc61ed-1725-4fdd-b5f8-d27ed3d4a297","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/files/240337809/Sluimer-2024-Encompassing-view-of-spatial-and.pdf","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/1030764","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://pure.amsterdamumc.nl/en/publications/9cbb86fe-42c7-485d-a69b-6f82e22ee7ab","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://pure.eur.nl/ws/files/226364548/Encompassing_view_of_spatial_and_single-cell_RNA_sequencing_renews_the_role_of_the_microvasculature_in_human_atherosclerosis.PDF","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11245.1/d3541bfa-82ef-4a97-99ac-4afcd08d1aaa","host_type":""},{"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/S44161-024-00582-1","host_type":""},{"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s44161-024-00582-1","host_type":""},{"url":"https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/s44161-024-00582-1","host_type":""}],"fields_of_study":["Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics","Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases","Immune cells in cancer","03 medical and health sciences","0302 clinical medicine"],"mesh_terms":["RNA-Seq","Cell Communication","Cell Movement","Female","Gene Expression Regulation","Humans","Lymphocytes","Male","Muscle, Smooth, Vascular","Sequence Analysis, RNA","Gene Expression Profiling","Myocytes, Smooth Muscle","Endothelial Cells","Atherosclerosis","Microvessels","Plaque, Atherosclerotic","Single-Cell Analysis","Transcriptome"],"keywords":["Vasa vasorum","Adventitia","Cell","Cell type","Biology","Foam cell","Vascular smooth muscle","Transcriptome","Cell biology","Pathology","Medicine","Smooth muscle","Gene expression","Anatomy","Macrophage","Gene","In vitro","Endocrinology","Genetics","Male","PERICYTES","Myocytes, Smooth Muscle","610","Cell Communication","Muscle, Smooth, Vascular","SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being","Cell Movement","616","Humans","RNA-Seq","Lymphocytes","Sequence Analysis, RNA","Gene Expression Profiling","Endothelial Cells","Atherosclerosis","Plaque, Atherosclerotic","Microvessels","VISUALIZATION","Female","Single-Cell Analysis","CD36"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Zero hunger"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-07T20:20:19.259894Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}