{"doi":"10.1038/s42003-024-05984-2","title":"An optrode array for spatiotemporally-precise large-scale optogenetic stimulation of deep cortical layers in non-human primates","abstract":"Optogenetics has transformed studies of neural circuit function, but remains challenging to apply to non-human primates (NHPs). A major challenge is delivering intense, spatiotemporally-precise, patterned photostimulation across large volumes in deep tissue. Such stimulation is critical, for example, to modulate selectively deep-layer corticocortical feedback circuits. To address this need, we have developed the Utah Optrode Array (UOA), a 10×10 glass needle waveguide array fabricated atop a novel opaque optical interposer, and bonded to an electrically addressable µLED array. In vivo experiments with the UOA demonstrated large-scale, spatiotemporally precise, activation of deep circuits in NHP cortex. Specifically, the UOA permitted both focal (confined to single layers/columns), and widespread (multiple layers/columns) optogenetic activation of deep layer neurons, as assessed with multi-channel laminar electrode arrays, simply by varying the number of activated µLEDs and/or the irradiance. Thus, the UOA represents a powerful optoelectronic device for targeted manipulation of deep-layer circuits in NHP models.","journal":"Communications Biology","year":2024,"id":422173,"datarank":0.49983067652628066,"base_score":3.332204510175204,"endowment":3.332204510175204,"self_citation_contribution":0.49983067652628066,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.49983067652628066,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":27,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9551,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":990131,"name":"Alexander Ingold","orcid":"0009-0007-5238-0016","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":662005,"name":"Christopher F. Reiche","orcid":"0000-0001-6216-5888","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":990472,"name":"Donald Cundy","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":536359,"name":"Justin Balsor","orcid":"0000-0002-7003-5810","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":266397,"name":"Frederick Federer","orcid":"0000-0002-1340-865X","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":990132,"name":"Niall McAlinden","orcid":"0000-0002-0369-8788","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":990473,"name":"Yunzhou Cheng","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":286734,"name":"John D. Rolston","orcid":"0000-0002-8843-5468","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":751183,"name":"Loren Rieth","orcid":"0000-0002-6772-253X","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":990133,"name":"Martin D. Dawson","orcid":"0000-0002-6639-2989","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":683298,"name":"Keith Mathieson","orcid":"0000-0002-9517-8076","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":978198,"name":"Steve Blair","orcid":"0000-0001-5784-590X","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":266380,"name":"Alessandra Angelucci","orcid":"0000-0002-1957-2231","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":266390,"name":"Andrew M. Clark","orcid":"0000-0002-7212-4948","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":72,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:57:46.393290Z","pmid":"38485764","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}