{"doi":"10.1038/s42003-021-02166-2","title":"Spatially visualized single-cell pathology of highly multiplexed protein profiles in health and disease","abstract":"Deep molecular profiling of biological tissues is an indicator of health and disease. We used imaging mass cytometry (IMC) to acquire spatially resolved 20-plex protein data in tissue sections from normal and chronic tonsillitis cases. We present SpatialViz, a suite of algorithms to explore spatial relationships in multiplexed tissue images by visualizing and quantifying single-cell granularity and anatomical complexity in diverse multiplexed tissue imaging data. Single-cell and spatial maps confirmed that CD68+ cells were correlated with the enhanced Granzyme B expression and CD3+ cells exhibited enrichment of CD4+ phenotype in chronic tonsillitis. SpatialViz revealed morphological distributions of cellular organizations in distinct anatomical areas, spatially resolved single-cell associations across anatomical categories, and distance maps between the markers. Spatial topographic maps showed the unique organization of different tissue layers. The spatial reference framework generated network-based comparisons of multiplex data from healthy and diseased tonsils. SpatialViz is broadly applicable to multiplexed tissue biology.","journal":"Communications Biology","year":2021,"id":198425,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":10,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9224,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":663332,"name":"Thomas Hu","orcid":"0000-0001-7801-7070","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":74206,"name":"Shuangyi Cai","orcid":"0000-0002-2653-6335","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":265295,"name":"Laxminarayanan Krishnan","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":774279,"name":"Robert B. Hughley","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":423617,"name":"Ahmet F. Coskun","orcid":"0000-0002-5797-1524","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":423616,"name":"Mayar Allam","orcid":"0000-0002-1550-2316","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":45,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:50:31.857233Z","pmid":"34045665","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}