{"doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-94534-9","title":"Effects of whole brain proton irradiation at conventional or ultra-high dose rate (FLASH), in adult male Sprague Dawley rats","abstract":"Radiation is an effective treatment for many brain tumors, but often causes cognitive impairment. Ultra-high dose rate (FLASH) radiotherapy is less toxic to many normal tissues and may protect against adverse cognitive effects of cranial irradiation. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats received a single 18 Gy fraction of cranial irradiation with protons at 1 Gy/s (CV), 60 Gy/s (FLASH-60), 95 Gy/s (FLASH-95), or sham treatment (Control) (n ≥ 22/group). Rats were tested in open-field, acoustic (ASR) and tactile startle (TSR), novelty preference, radial water maze (RWM), Morris water maze (MWM), Cincinnati water maze configurations A and B (CWM-A CWM-B), and novelty tests. Locomotion was decreased and TSR increased in all irradiated rats and ASR increased in FLASH-95 rats compared with Controls. In MWM acquisition and reversal, the CV and FLASH-60 rats had reduced path efficiency but during shift and shift reversal all irradiated rats had increased latencies and reduced path efficiencies compared with Controls. In CWM-A all irradiated rats performed below Controls. There were no differences found in CWM-B, novelty tests, or RWM. In summary, FLASH treatment after 18 Gy cranial proton irradiation did not result in reduced cognitive toxicity.","journal":"Scientific Reports","year":2025,"id":522961,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":4,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9589,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":716474,"name":"Samantha L. Regan","orcid":"0000-0001-9198-1411","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1127594,"name":"Adam L. Fritz","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1395455,"name":"Brooke M. Gollaway","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":728695,"name":"Anthony Mascia","orcid":"0000-0002-4819-3062","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1024459,"name":"Ralph E. Vatner","orcid":"0000-0002-0289-0989","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":295599,"name":"John P. Perentesis","orcid":"0000-0002-4237-8226","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":497611,"name":"Charles V. Vorhees","orcid":"0000-0003-3558-8812","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":497610,"name":"Michael T. Williams","orcid":"0000-0001-9841-9683","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":56,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:49:58.707747Z","pmid":"40148391","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}