{"doi":"10.1038/s41598-024-76179-2","title":"Associations between pesticide use and rheumatoid arthritis among older farmers in the Agricultural Health Study","abstract":"Pesticides and farming have been associated with increased rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk, but the role of specific pesticides remains unknown. We examined RA risk among licensed pesticide applicators (97% white male farmers), from North Carolina and Iowa, in the Agricultural Health Study, in relation to lifetime use of 45 pesticides reported at enrollment (1993-1997, updated 1999-2003). In 22,642 applicators ages ≥ 67 years with ≥ 24 months Fee for Service Medicare data (1999-2016), we identified 161 (0.7%) incident cases with ≥ 2 RA claims (including ≥ 1 by a rheumatologist), ≥ 30 days apart, after ≥ 12 months without RA claims. Relative risks (RR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) were calculated using log-binomial models adjusted for age, state, education, smoking, and correlated pesticides. Risk was elevated (RR > 1.5 or lower CI > 0.95) for use of nine pesticides: four insecticides [malathion (RR = 1.77;95%CI = 1.14-2.73), phorate (1.40;0.96-2.04), carbaryl (1.65;1.10-2.46), carbofuran (1.41;0.99-2.01)], four herbicides [alachlor (RR = 1.40;95%CI 0.99-1.98), metolachlor (1.57;1.11-2.23), S-Ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate (1.57;1.00-2.44), metribuzin (1.45; 1.01, 2.08)], and one fungicide [benomyl (1.56;0.99-2.44)]. Exposure-response was seen for greater intensity-weighted lifetime days use of malathion and carbofuran (p-trends = 0.03 and 0.05). Some specific pesticides, including several currently approved and commonly used in agricultural, public health, or residential settings may increase RA risk among older adults.","journal":"Scientific Reports","year":2024,"id":466820,"datarank":0.24141568686511508,"base_score":1.6094379124341003,"endowment":1.6094379124341003,"self_citation_contribution":0.24141568686511508,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.24141568686511508,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":4,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9497,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1070103,"name":"Darya Leyzarovich","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":301908,"name":"Ghassan B. Hamra","orcid":"0000-0002-6921-5742","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":55634,"name":"Karen H. Costenbader","orcid":"0000-0002-8972-9388","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":513205,"name":"Dazhe Chen","orcid":"0000-0001-9951-5458","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":241832,"name":"Jonathan N. Hofmann","orcid":"0000-0002-1043-5812","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":104588,"name":"Laura E. Beane Freeman","orcid":"0000-0003-1294-4124","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":104612,"name":"Dale P. Sandler","orcid":"0000-0002-6776-0018","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":247401,"name":"Christine G. Parks","orcid":"0000-0002-5734-3456","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":60,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:05:06.743102Z","pmid":"39622868","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}