{"doi":"10.1038/s41598-022-11917-y","title":"Molecular identification and wing variations among malaria vectors in Akure North Local Government Area, Nigeria","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Members of the <jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae</jats:italic> complex and <jats:italic>Anopheles</jats:italic><jats:italic>funestus</jats:italic> group are significant vectors of the malaria parasite <jats:italic>Plasmodium</jats:italic> species in the Afro-tropical region of the world. Molecular identification and variation in the wing were studied among female <jats:italic>An.</jats:italic><jats:italic>Gambiae</jats:italic> complex and <jats:italic>An. funestus</jats:italic> group, to investigate morphological variations in the wing of local vectors populations of adult female mosquitoes found in five different locations in Akure North Local Government Area of Ondo State (Oba—Ile, Igoba, Isinigbo, Ita—Ogbolu and Iju). The variations in the wing character were found in the 3rd main dark spot area (Pre-apical dark spot—character 8) on the coastal region (Vein region I) of <jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae</jats:italic> complex wing; with two types (A and B) of wings identified with <jats:italic>An. gambiae</jats:italic> complex in the study area. Molecular study shows that all the wing type A are <jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae</jats:italic> s.s., they represent 53.39% of the total <jats:italic>An. gambiae</jats:italic> complex in the study area. Some of the <jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae</jats:italic> s.s. (28.30%) and all <jats:italic>An. arabiensis</jats:italic> (18.30%) were found with wing type B. Among 750 individual <jats:italic>Anopheles</jats:italic> mosquito species identified using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR method), 433 samples representing 57.73% were <jats:italic>An. gambiae</jats:italic> s.s. while 97 (12.93%) samples were <jats:italic>An. arabiensis</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>Anopheles leesoni</jats:italic> was the only member of <jats:italic>the An. funestus</jats:italic> group identified in the study area. <jats:italic>Anopheles leesoni</jats:italic> mosquitoes identified in the study location were 182, representing 24.27% of the total <jats:italic>Anopheles</jats:italic> mosquito species identified using the molecular method. <jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae</jats:italic> s.s., <jats:italic>An</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>arabiensis</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>An. leesoni</jats:italic> are only <jats:italic>Anopheles</jats:italic> mosquito species responsible for malaria transmission in the study area. <jats:italic>Anopheles leesoni</jats:italic> was the only member of <jats:italic>the An. funestus</jats:italic> group identified in the study area.</jats:p>","journal":"Scientific Reports","year":2022,"id":14081,"datarank":0.5364996123245112,"base_score":2.4849066497880004,"endowment":2.4849066497880004,"self_citation_contribution":0.37273599746820013,"citation_network_contribution":0.16376361485631102,"self_endowment_contribution":0.37273599746820013,"citer_contribution":0.16376361485631102,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":11,"citer_count":10,"citers_with_citation_signal":6,"citers_with_endowment":6,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":112824,"name":"Titus Adeniyi Olusi","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":112825,"name":"Iyabo Adepeju Simon-Oke","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":112823,"name":"Adebayo Victor Akeju","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"base_score":2.3978952727983707,"endowment":2.3978952727983707,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"35538208","pmcid":"PMC9090839","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4280571146","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":1.6241,"citation_percentile":0.82566439,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2023,"count":4},{"year":2024,"count":1},{"year":2025,"count":3},{"year":2026,"count":2}],"oa_status":"gold","license":"cc-by","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-11917-y.pdf","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-11917-y.pdf","host_type":"GOLD"},{"url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-11917-y.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-11917-y","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11917-y","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35538208","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://doaj.org/article/3ebb88be047341a6afc7f104eeb86ac5","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9090839","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC9090839","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC9090839?pdf=render","host_type":"Europe_PMC"}],"fields_of_study":["Malaria Research and Control","Mosquito-borne diseases and control","Viral Infections and Vectors","Medicine","Environmental Science","Biology","Animals","Anopheles","Female","Local Government","Malaria","Male","Mosquito Vectors","Nigeria"],"mesh_terms":["Mosquito Vectors","Animals","Anopheles","Female","Malaria","Male","Local Government","Nigeria"],"keywords":["Anopheles gambiae","Anopheles","Biology","Malaria","Parasite hosting","Zoology","Local government area","Veterinary medicine","Ecology","Geography","Local government","Immunology","Medicine"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Life below water"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-06-01T02:23:23.068695Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}