{"doi":"10.1038/s41598-021-95013-7","title":"Examining the effects of cigarette smoke on mouse lens through a multi OMIC approach","abstract":"Here, we report a multi OMIC (transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome) approach to investigate molecular changes in lens fiber cells (FC) of mice exposed to cigarette smoke (CS). Pregnant mice were placed in a whole-body smoke chamber and a few days later pups were born, which were exposed to CS for 5 hours/day, 5 days/week for a total of 3½ months. We examined the mice exposed to CS for CS-related cataractogenesis after completion of the CS exposure but no cataracts were observed. Lenses of CS-exposed and age-matched, untreated control mice were extracted and lens FC were subjected to multi OMIC profiling. We identified 348 genes, 130 proteins, and 14 metabolites exhibiting significant (p < 0.05) differential levels in lens FC of mice exposed to CS, corresponding to 3.6%, 4.3%, and 5.0% of the total genes, protein, and metabolites, respectively identified in this study. Our multi OMIC approach confirmed that only a small fraction of the transcriptome, the proteome, and the metabolome was perturbed in the lens FC of mice exposed to CS, which suggests that exposure of CS had a minimal effect on the mouse lens. It is worth noting that while our results confirm that CS exposure does not have a substantial impact on the molecular landscape of the mouse lens FC, we cannot rule out that CS exposure for longer durations and/or in combination with other morbidities or environmental factors would have a more robust effect and/or result in cataractogenesis.","journal":"Scientific Reports","year":2021,"id":195730,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":8,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9397,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":767175,"name":"Muhammad Ali","orcid":"0000-0002-1399-6631","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":767176,"name":"Yura Jang","orcid":"0000-0002-1338-4686","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":767678,"name":"Taekyung Ryu","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":767177,"name":"Andrew J. Schwab","orcid":"0000-0002-1517-4308","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":387572,"name":"Brian O. Ingram","orcid":"0000-0001-6495-0732","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":610334,"name":"Peter H. Cable","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":305261,"name":"Chan Hyun Na","orcid":"0000-0002-3622-2938","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":337908,"name":"James T. Handa","orcid":"0000-0003-1314-1745","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":672955,"name":"Sheikh Riazuddin","orcid":"0000-0002-5671-0437","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":214064,"name":"Shahid Y. Khan","orcid":"0000-0002-8609-8568","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":34,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:50:07.691929Z","pmid":"34552108","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}