{"doi":"10.1038/s41598-021-87895-4","title":"Zika-exposed microcephalic neonates exhibit higher degree of inflammatory imbalance in cerebrospinal fluid","abstract":"Not every neonate with congenital Zika virus (ZIKV) infection (CZI) is born with microcephaly. We compared inflammation mediators in CSF (cerebrospinal fluid obtained from lumbar puncture) between ZIKV-exposed neonates with/without microcephaly (cases) and controls. In Brazil, in the same laboratory, we identified 14 ZIKV-exposed neonates during the ZIKV epidemic (2015-2016), 7(50%) with and 7(50%) without microcephaly, without any other congenital infection, and 14 neonates (2017-2018) eligible to be controls and to match cases. 29 inflammation mediators were measured using Luminex immunoassay and multidimensional analyses were employed. Neonates with ZIKV-associated microcephaly presented substantially higher degree of inflammatory perturbation, associated with uncoupled inflammatory response and decreased correlations between concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers. The groups of microcephalic and non-microcephalic ZIKV-exposed neonates were distinguished from the control group (area under curve [AUC] = 1; P < 0.0001). Between controls and those non-microcephalic exposed to ZIKV, IL-1β, IL-3, IL-4, IL-7 and EOTAXIN were the top CSF markers. By comparing the microcephalic cases with controls, the top discriminant scores were for IL-1β, IL-3, EOTAXIN and IL-12p70. The degree of inflammatory imbalance may be associated with microcephaly in CZI and it may aid additional investigations in experimental pre-clinical models testing immune modulators in preventing extensive damage of the Central Nervous System.","journal":"Scientific Reports","year":2021,"id":191816,"datarank":0.38474240361923057,"base_score":2.5649493574615367,"endowment":2.5649493574615367,"self_citation_contribution":0.38474240361923057,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.38474240361923057,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":12,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9006,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":758188,"name":"Eduardo C. Nascimento‐Carvalho","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":758189,"name":"Clara L. Ramos","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":758190,"name":"Ana‐Luisa Vilas‐Boas","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":758191,"name":"Otávio A. Moreno-Carvalho","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":341771,"name":"Caian L. Vinhaes","orcid":"0000-0003-3370-7128","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":517545,"name":"Beatriz Barreto‐Duarte","orcid":"0000-0002-9901-8328","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":382615,"name":"Artur T. L. Queiroz","orcid":"0000-0003-4908-9993","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":252301,"name":"Bruno B. Andrade","orcid":"0000-0001-6833-3811","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":757641,"name":"Cristiana M. Nascimento‐Carvalho","orcid":"0000-0002-3942-2492","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":758187,"name":"Gustavo C. Nascimento-Carvalho","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":40,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:49:35.285023Z","pmid":"33875756","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}