{"doi":"10.1038/s41598-019-55822-3","title":"Sperm quality and quantity evolve through different selective processes in the Phasianidae","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Sperm competition is often considered the primary selective force underlying the rapid and diversifying evolution of ejaculate traits. Yet, several recent studies have drawn attention to other forms of selection with the potential of exceeding the effects of sperm competition. Since ejaculates are complex, multivariate traits, it seems plausible that different ejaculate components vary in their responses to different selective pressures. Such information, however, is generally lacking as individual ejaculate traits tend to be studied in isolation. Here, we studied the macroevolutionary patterns of ejaculate volume, sperm number, sperm length and the proportion of viable normal sperm in response to varying levels of sperm competition, body size and the duration of female sperm storage in pheasants and allies (Phasianidae). Ejaculate volume, sperm number and sperm viability were all relatively higher in polygamous than in monogamous mating systems. However, whereas ejaculate volume additionally covaried with body size, sperm number instead increased with the female sperm-storage duration, in conjunction with a decrease in sperm length. Overall, our results revealed important details on how different forms of selection can jointly shape ejaculates as complex, composite traits.</jats:p>","journal":"Scientific Reports","year":2019,"id":13634,"datarank":0.6090081424482453,"base_score":2.639057329615259,"endowment":2.639057329615259,"self_citation_contribution":0.3958585994422889,"citation_network_contribution":0.21314954300595637,"self_endowment_contribution":0.3958585994422889,"citer_contribution":0.21314954300595637,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":13,"citer_count":11,"citers_with_citation_signal":9,"citers_with_endowment":9,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":111062,"name":"Mao Jun Zhong","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":110888,"name":"Stefan Lüpold","orcid":"0000-0002-5069-1992","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":111060,"name":"Wen Bo Liao","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"base_score":2.639057329615259,"endowment":2.639057329615259,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"31848414","pmcid":"PMC6917726","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2995131281","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","grant_id":"170669","title":"Genetic variation in quality and sexual selection on condition-dependent traits"}],"total_grants":1,"fwci":2.508,"citation_percentile":0.89933806,"influential_citations":1,"citation_trend":[{"year":2020,"count":2},{"year":2021,"count":3},{"year":2022,"count":2},{"year":2023,"count":4},{"year":2025,"count":2}],"oa_status":"gold","license":"cc-by","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-55822-3.pdf","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-55822-3.pdf","host_type":"GOLD"},{"url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-55822-3.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-55822-3","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55822-3","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31848414","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://doaj.org/article/a163345ed02a4c8da01753fe8cb8e9ab","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6917726","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-180725","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6917726","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6917726?pdf=render","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5167/uzh-180725","host_type":""},{"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55822-3","host_type":""},{"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55822-3","host_type":""},{"url":"https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/180725/","host_type":""}],"fields_of_study":["Animal Behavior and Reproduction","Plant and animal studies","Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior","Medicine","Biology","0106 biological sciences","0301 basic medicine","01 natural sciences","03 medical and health sciences","Animals","Galliformes","Male","Quail","Semen Analysis","Sperm Count","Spermatozoa","Testis"],"mesh_terms":["Animals","Male","Quail","Sperm Count","Spermatozoa","Testis","Galliformes","Semen Analysis"],"keywords":["Sperm","Sperm competition","Biology","Female sperm storage","Sexual selection","Mating","Semen","Andrology","Evolutionary biology","Zoology","Genetics","Male","1000 Multidisciplinary","Multidisciplinary sperm competition sexual selection sperm quality pheasant","Sperm Count","Quail","Spermatozoa","Article","Semen Analysis","10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies","Testis","Animals","570 Life sciences; biology","590 Animals (Zoology)","Galliformes"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":2,"sdg_label":"2. 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