{"doi":"10.1038/s41589-024-01726-x","title":"A tRNA modification with aminovaleramide facilitates AUA decoding in protein synthesis","abstract":"Abstract Modified tRNA anticodons are critical for proper mRNA translation during protein synthesis. It is generally thought that almost all bacterial tRNAs Ile use a modified cytidine—lysidine (L)—at the first position (34) of the anticodon to decipher the AUA codon as isoleucine (Ile). Here we report that tRNAs Ile from plant organelles and a subset of bacteria contain a new cytidine derivative, designated 2-aminovaleramididine (ava 2 C). Like L34, ava 2 C34 governs both Ile-charging ability and AUA decoding. Cryo-electron microscopy structural analyses revealed molecular details of codon recognition by ava 2 C34 with a specific interaction between its terminal amide group and an mRNA residue 3′-adjacent to the AUA codon. These findings reveal the evolutionary variation of an essential tRNA modification and demonstrate the molecular basis of AUA decoding mediated by a unique tRNA modification.","journal":"Nature Chemical Biology","year":2024,"id":422687,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":26,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9507,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":394711,"name":"Satoshi Kimura","orcid":"0000-0003-3555-5877","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1217030,"name":"Naho Akiyama","orcid":"0000-0002-4790-7203","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1217031,"name":"Kazuki Inoue","orcid":"0009-0001-8245-2443","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1024073,"name":"Kensuke Ishiguro","orcid":"0000-0001-6651-1960","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1217648,"name":"T K Vu","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":394712,"name":"Veerasak Srisuknimit","orcid":"0000-0002-0130-153X","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1217649,"name":"Kenta Koyama","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":397289,"name":"Gosuke Hayashi","orcid":"0000-0001-6853-2706","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1217650,"name":"Akiko Soma","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1066675,"name":"Asuteka Nagao","orcid":"0000-0002-9152-1527","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":554461,"name":"Mikako Shirouzu","orcid":"0000-0002-7997-2149","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1217032,"name":"Akimitsu Okamoto","orcid":"0000-0002-7418-6237","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":332461,"name":"Matthew K. Waldor","orcid":"0000-0003-1843-7000","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":236036,"name":"Tsutomu Suzuki","orcid":"0000-0002-9731-1731","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":650330,"name":"Kenjyo Miyauchi","orcid":"0000-0002-4075-7660","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":73,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:57:51.642883Z","pmid":"39300229","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}