{"doi":"10.1038/s41589-024-01693-3","title":"CRISPR-repressed toxin–antitoxin provides herd immunity against anti-CRISPR elements","abstract":null,"journal":"Nature Chemical Biology","year":2025,"id":588258,"datarank":0.7733177466401403,"base_score":2.995732273553991,"endowment":2.995732273553991,"self_citation_contribution":0.4493598410330987,"citation_network_contribution":0.32395790560704163,"self_endowment_contribution":0.4493598410330987,"citer_contribution":0.32395790560704163,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":19,"citer_count":16,"citers_with_citation_signal":11,"citers_with_endowment":11,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":840041,"name":"Rui Wang","orcid":"0000-0002-2725-1999","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":242161,"name":"Zhihua Li","orcid":"0009-0009-5009-9524","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1504907,"name":"Qiong Xue","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1044029,"name":"Jiajun Wang","orcid":"0000-0001-7225-9108","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1444698,"name":"Jingfang Liu","orcid":"0000-0003-1908-4454","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1504908,"name":"Feiyue Cheng","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":983259,"name":"Chao Liu","orcid":"0000-0002-3632-2699","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1504909,"name":"Huiwei Zhao","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":850693,"name":"Chunyi Hu","orcid":"0000-0003-4509-4840","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":906934,"name":"Jie Li","orcid":"0000-0003-4152-9800","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":395236,"name":"Songying Ouyang","orcid":"0000-0002-1120-1524","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":897578,"name":"Ming Li","orcid":"0000-0001-6665-8559","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1504906,"name":"Xian Shu","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"CRISPR-repressed toxin–antitoxin provides herd immunity against anti-CRISPR elements","abstract":"Prokaryotic clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas systems are highly vulnerable to phage-encoded anti-CRISPR (Acr) factors. How CRISPR-Cas systems protect themselves remains unclear. Here we uncovered a broad-spectrum anti-anti-CRISPR strategy involving a phage-derived toxic protein. Transcription of this toxin is normally repressed by the CRISPR-Cas effector but is activated to halt cell division when the effector is inhibited by any anti-CRISPR proteins or RNAs. We showed that this abortive infection-like effect efficiently expels Acr elements from bacterial population. Furthermore, we exploited this anti-anti-CRISPR mechanism to develop a screening method for specific Acr candidates for a CRISPR-Cas system and successfully identified two distinct Acr proteins that enhance the binding of CRISPR effector to nontarget DNA. Our data highlight the broad-spectrum role of CRISPR-repressed toxins in counteracting various types of Acr factors. We propose that the regulatory function of CRISPR-Cas confers host cells herd immunity against Acr-encoding genetic invaders whether they are CRISPR targeted or not.","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":2.995732273553991,"endowment":2.995732273553991,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"39075253","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4401091785","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":3.1425,"citation_percentile":0.92795372,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2024,"count":5},{"year":2025,"count":7},{"year":2026,"count":7}],"oa_status":"closed","license":"https://www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41589-024-01693-3.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41589-024-01693-3","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41589-024-01693-3","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39075253","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["CRISPR and Genetic Engineering","Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences","Innovation and Socioeconomic Development","Medicine","Biology","CRISPR-Cas Systems","Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats","Bacteriophages","Bacterial Toxins","Toxin-Antitoxin Systems","Immunity, Herd","Escherichia coli","Antitoxins"],"mesh_terms":["Toxin-Antitoxin Systems","Antitoxins","Bacterial Toxins","Bacteriophages","Escherichia coli","Immunity, Herd","Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats","CRISPR-Cas Systems"],"keywords":["CRISPR","Biology","Effector","CRISPR interference","Trans-activating crRNA","Computational biology","Genetics","Palindrome","Cas9","Gene","Cell biology"],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-20T00:24:22.249370Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}