{"doi":"10.1038/s41586-021-03620-1","title":"A roadmap for the Human Developmental Cell Atlas","abstract":"The Human Developmental Cell Atlas (HDCA) initiative, which is part of the Human Cell Atlas, aims to create a comprehensive reference map of cells during development. This will be critical to understanding normal organogenesis, the effect of mutations, environmental factors and infectious agents on human development, congenital and childhood disorders, and the cellular basis of ageing, cancer and regenerative medicine. Here we outline the HDCA initiative and the challenges of mapping and modelling human development using state-of-the-art technologies to create a reference atlas across gestation. Similar to the Human Genome Project, the HDCA will integrate the output from a growing community of scientists who are mapping human development into a unified atlas. We describe the early milestones that have been achieved and the use of human stem-cell-derived cultures, organoids and animal models to inform the HDCA, especially for prenatal tissues that are hard to acquire. Finally, we provide a roadmap towards a complete atlas of human development.","journal":"Nature","year":2021,"id":7993,"datarank":3.8149207447174867,"base_score":5.19295685089021,"endowment":5.19295685089021,"self_citation_contribution":0.7789435276335317,"citation_network_contribution":3.035977217083955,"self_endowment_contribution":0.7789435276335317,"citer_contribution":3.035977217083955,"corpus_percentile":69.4060211554109,"corpus_rank":377,"citation_count":189,"citer_count":148,"citers_with_citation_signal":107,"citers_with_endowment":107,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":true,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9418,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-09-08","fair_score":24.7917,"fair_percentile":6.926121372031663,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":44534,"name":"Deanne Taylor","orcid":"0000-0002-3302-4610","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":38388,"name":"Sten Linnarsson","orcid":"0000-0002-3491-3444","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":71644,"name":"Bruce J. Aronow","orcid":"0000-0001-5109-6514","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":13079,"name":"Samirkumar B. Amin","orcid":"0000-0002-3207-9505","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":71645,"name":"Roger A. Barker","orcid":"0000-0001-8843-7730","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":71646,"name":"Pablo G. Camara","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":29631,"name":"J. Gray Camp","orcid":"0000-0003-3295-1225","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":49868,"name":"Alain Chédotal","orcid":"0000-0001-7577-3794","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":71647,"name":"Andrew J. Copp","orcid":"0000-0002-2544-9117","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":71648,"name":"Heather C. Etchevers","orcid":"0000-0003-0201-3799","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":71649,"name":"Paolo Giacobini","orcid":"0000-0002-3075-1441","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":43,"name":"Berthold Göttgens","orcid":"0000-0001-6302-5705","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":71650,"name":"Guoji Guo","orcid":"0000-0002-1716-4621","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":71651,"name":"Ania Hupalowska","orcid":null,"position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":60538,"name":"Kylie R. James","orcid":"0000-0002-7107-0650","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":71652,"name":"Emily Sarah Kirby","orcid":"0000-0002-9419-6600","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":21530,"name":"Arnold R. Kriegstein","orcid":"0000-0001-5742-2990","position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":481,"name":"Joakim Lundeberg","orcid":"0000-0003-4313-1601","position":18,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":15932,"name":"John C. Marioni","orcid":"0000-0001-9092-0852","position":19,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":12175,"name":"Christine S. Falk","orcid":"0000-0003-1376-7318","position":20,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":71653,"name":"Kathy K. Niakan","orcid":"0000-0003-1646-4734","position":21,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":24374,"name":"Mats Nilsson","orcid":"0000-0001-9985-0387","position":22,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":36232,"name":"Bayanne Olabi","orcid":"0000-0002-4786-7838","position":23,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":20865,"name":"Paul A. Reyfman","orcid":"0000-0002-6435-6001","position":24,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":29633,"name":"Prisca Liberali","orcid":"0000-0003-0695-6081","position":25,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":36525,"name":"Jennifer E. Rood","orcid":"0000-0002-9489-0731","position":26,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":2697,"name":"Orit Rozenblatt–Rosen","orcid":"0000-0001-6313-3570","position":27,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":167,"name":"Rahul Satija","orcid":"0000-0002-1479-664X","position":28,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":3586,"name":"Sarah A. Teichmann","orcid":"0000-0002-6294-6366","position":29,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":29636,"name":"Barbara Treutlein","orcid":"0000-0002-3299-5597","position":30,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":27451,"name":"Roser Vento‐Tormo","orcid":"0000-0002-9870-8474","position":31,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":36227,"name":"Simone Webb","orcid":"0000-0003-3058-8952","position":32,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":13245,"name":"Duncan Beardsmore","orcid":null,"position":35,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":13247,"name":"Sam Behjati","orcid":"0000-0002-6600-7665","position":36,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":71656,"name":"Andreas Bosio","orcid":"0000-0001-9776-2535","position":37,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":3598,"name":"Frédéric Chalmel","orcid":"0000-0002-0535-3628","position":39,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":49850,"name":"Yorick Gitton","orcid":"0000-0002-6808-6010","position":40,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":36264,"name":"Deborah Henderson","orcid":null,"position":41,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":71658,"name":"Anne Jorgensen","orcid":null,"position":42,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":36256,"name":"Steven Lisgo","orcid":"0000-0001-5186-3971","position":43,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":71659,"name":"Jinyue Liu","orcid":"0000-0003-2094-6365","position":44,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":44848,"name":"Emma Lundberg","orcid":"0000-0001-7034-0850","position":45,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":71660,"name":"Jean-Léon Maitre","orcid":null,"position":46,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":71661,"name":"Séverine Mazaud-Guittot","orcid":null,"position":47,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":71662,"name":"Elizabeth Robertson","orcid":"0000-0002-7563-3940","position":48,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":71664,"name":"Raphael Scharfmann","orcid":null,"position":50,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":71665,"name":"Michèle Souyri","orcid":"0000-0001-6798-0865","position":51,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":71666,"name":"Erik Sundström","orcid":"0000-0003-2931-8015","position":52,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":60537,"name":"Matthias Zilbauer","orcid":"0000-0002-7272-0547","position":54,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":71668,"name":"Pablo G. Cámara","orcid":"0000-0001-6822-3604","position":55,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":29918,"name":"Omer Ali Bayraktar","orcid":"0000-0001-6055-277X","position":56,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":36274,"name":"Deborah J. Henderson","orcid":"0000-0002-2705-5998","position":57,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":71669,"name":"Anne Jørgensen","orcid":"0000-0002-6409-198X","position":58,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":71670,"name":"Jean‐Léon Maître","orcid":"0000-0002-3688-1474","position":59,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":71671,"name":"Séverine Mazaud‐Guittot","orcid":"0000-0003-0566-4124","position":60,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":71672,"name":"Antoine D. Rolland","orcid":"0000-0002-9758-4406","position":61,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":33729,"name":"Raphaël Scharfmann","orcid":"0000-0001-7619-337X","position":62,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":11454,"name":"Muzlifah Haniffa","orcid":"0000-0002-3927-2084","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":124,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-03-01T18:20:47.508186Z","pmid":"34497388","pmcid":"PMC10337595","fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":40.0,"fair_a":42.5,"fair_i":0.0,"fair_r":16.6667,"fair_zscore":-1.8471,"fair_rationale":{"fair_score":24.79,"has_llm":true,"dimensions":{"F":{"name":"Findable","score":40.0,"criteria":[{"key":"f_has_doi","label":"Has a persistent DOI","kind":"deterministic","weight":1.0,"fraction":1.0,"signal":"DOI present","rationale":null},{"key":"f_repository_presence","label":"Indexed in repositories / literature DBs","kind":"deterministic","weight":1.0,"fraction":1.0,"signal":"datacite=0, pmcid=True, pmid=True","rationale":null},{"key":"f_persistent_ids","label":"Resolvable scholarly identifiers (OpenAlex)","kind":"deterministic","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"signal":"no OpenAlex id","rationale":null},{"key":"f_metadata_richness","label":"Rich, machine-readable metadata","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"signal":null,"rationale":"No mention of machine-readable metadata or rich metadata standards for the data."}]},"A":{"name":"Accessible","score":42.5,"criteria":[{"key":"a_open_access","label":"Open Access / files deposited","kind":"deterministic","weight":1.5,"fraction":1.0,"signal":"Open Access","rationale":null},{"key":"a_retrievable","label":"Free full text retrievable","kind":"deterministic","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"signal":"0 OA location(s)","rationale":null},{"key":"a_access_protocol","label":"Clear data/code access protocol","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.25,"signal":null,"rationale":"Mentions public repositories like HCA Data Coordination Portal but lacks detailed access protocols or direct links."}]},"I":{"name":"Interoperable","score":0.0,"criteria":[{"key":"i_linked_data","label":"Linked datasets / DataCite relations","kind":"deterministic","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"signal":"linked_datasets=0, datacite=0","rationale":null},{"key":"i_standard_ids","label":"References data via standard accessions","kind":"deterministic","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"signal":"accessions=0, trials=0","rationale":null},{"key":"i_standards","label":"Standard formats, vocabularies & identifiers","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"signal":null,"rationale":"Does not specify use of standard formats, vocabularies, or identifiers; only discusses future need for such standards."}]},"R":{"name":"Reusable","score":16.67,"criteria":[{"key":"r_license","label":"Clear, open reuse license","kind":"deterministic","weight":1.5,"fraction":0.0,"signal":"no license","rationale":null},{"key":"r_downloads","label":"Demonstrated reuse (downloads)","kind":"deterministic","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"signal":"downloads=0","rationale":null},{"key":"r_version","label":"Versioned / maintained","kind":"deterministic","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"signal":"no version chain","rationale":null},{"key":"r_dataset","label":"Classified as a data resource","kind":"deterministic","weight":0.5,"fraction":1.0,"signal":"is_dataset","rationale":null},{"key":"r_reusability","label":"Data-availability statement, license & reproducibility","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.167,"signal":null,"rationale":"Mentions data sharing in repositories but no explicit data-availability statement, license, or reproducibility details."}]}},"suggestions":["Provide a clear data-availability statement with permanent identifiers (e.g., DOIs) and specific repository names.","Include a license (e.g., Creative Commons) for data and code to enable reuse.","Specify the use of standard metadata schemas (e.g., DCAT, schema.org) for findability.","Describe access protocols explicitly, including any authentication or authorization steps.","Use standard file formats (e.g., HDF5, CSV) and ontologies (e.g., UBERON, Cell Ontology) for interoperability."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","agent_version":"fair_agent_v2","fulltext_source":"unpaywall_pdf"},"fair_model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","fair_agent_version":"fair_agent_v2","fair_fulltext_source":"unpaywall_pdf","fair_has_llm":true,"fair_computed_at":"2026-06-18T00:37:17.715413Z","clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}