{"doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-01967-9","title":"Genetic associations between non-cognitive skills and academic achievement over development","abstract":"Non-cognitive skills, such as motivation and self-regulation, are partly heritable and predict academic achievement beyond cognitive skills. However, how the relationship between non-cognitive skills and academic achievement changes over development is unclear. The current study examined how cognitive and non-cognitive skills are associated with academic achievement from ages 7 to 16 years in a sample of over 10,000 children from England and Wales. The results showed that the association between non-cognitive skills and academic achievement increased across development. Twin and polygenic scores analyses found that the links between non-cognitive genetics and academic achievement became stronger over the school years. The results from within-family analyses indicated that non-cognitive genetic effects on academic achievement could not simply be attributed to confounding by environmental differences between nuclear families, consistent with a possible role for evocative/active gene-environment correlations. By studying genetic associations through a developmental lens, we provide further insights into the role of non-cognitive skills in academic development.","journal":"Nature Human Behaviour","year":2024,"id":429915,"datarank":0.47670807455219194,"base_score":3.1780538303479458,"endowment":3.1780538303479458,"self_citation_contribution":0.47670807455219194,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.47670807455219194,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":23,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9386,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":294127,"name":"Andrea G. Allegrini","orcid":"0000-0003-4048-4292","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":5264,"name":"Michel G. Nivard","orcid":"0000-0003-2015-1888","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":282512,"name":"Pietro Biroli","orcid":"0000-0002-5033-4688","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":294126,"name":"Kaili Rimfeld","orcid":"0000-0001-5139-065X","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":486143,"name":"Rosa Cheesman","orcid":"0000-0002-6543-0402","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":325774,"name":"Sophie von Stumm","orcid":"0000-0002-0447-5471","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":551604,"name":"Perline Demange","orcid":"0000-0002-7061-8354","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":551606,"name":"Elsje van Bergen","orcid":"0000-0002-5860-5745","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":52335,"name":"Andrew D. Grotzinger","orcid":"0000-0001-7852-9244","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":557424,"name":"Laurel Raffington","orcid":"0000-0002-0144-5605","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":267892,"name":"Javier de la Fuente","orcid":"0000-0001-8352-7104","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":325775,"name":"Jean‐Baptiste Pingault","orcid":"0000-0003-2557-4716","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":228674,"name":"Elliot M. Tucker–Drob","orcid":"0000-0001-5599-6237","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":257616,"name":"K. Paige Harden","orcid":"0000-0002-1557-6737","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":95148,"name":"Robert Plomin","orcid":"0000-0002-0756-3629","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":294125,"name":"Margherita Malanchini","orcid":"0000-0002-7257-6119","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":74,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:59:11.328802Z","pmid":"39187715","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}