{"doi":"10.1038/s41467-024-44800-7","title":"Investigating the etiologies of non-malarial febrile illness in Senegal using metagenomic sequencing","abstract":"The worldwide decline in malaria incidence is revealing the extensive burden of non-malarial febrile illness (NMFI), which remains poorly understood and difficult to diagnose. To characterize NMFI in Senegal, we collected venous blood and clinical metadata in a cross-sectional study of febrile patients and healthy controls in a low malaria burden area. Using 16S and untargeted sequencing, we detected viral, bacterial, or eukaryotic pathogens in 23% (38/163) of NMFI cases. Bacteria were the most common, with relapsing fever Borrelia and spotted fever Rickettsia found in 15.5% and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Four viral pathogens were found in a total of 7 febrile cases (3.5%). Sequencing also detected undiagnosed Plasmodium, including one putative P. ovale infection. We developed a logistic regression model that can distinguish Borrelia from NMFIs with similar presentation based on symptoms and vital signs (F1 score: 0.823). These results highlight the challenge and importance of improved diagnostics, especially for Borrelia, to support diagnosis and surveillance.","journal":"Nature Communications","year":2024,"id":432662,"datarank":0.5575874084834485,"base_score":2.70805020110221,"endowment":2.70805020110221,"self_citation_contribution":0.40620753016533157,"citation_network_contribution":0.15137987831811683,"self_endowment_contribution":0.40620753016533157,"citer_contribution":0.15137987831811683,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":14,"citer_count":13,"citers_with_citation_signal":10,"citers_with_endowment":10,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.8526,"is_data_producer":true,"deposit_databanks":{"BioProject":["PRJNA662334"],"SRA":["SRR24622550-SRR24622641, SRR24995052-SRR24995258, SRR24995248"]},"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1031360,"name":"Aita Sène","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1237661,"name":"Winnie Mkandawire","orcid":"0000-0002-0160-0003","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":500627,"name":"Awa B. 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F. Schaffner","orcid":"0000-0001-6699-3568","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":251090,"name":"Daniel J. Park","orcid":"0000-0001-7226-7781","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":568699,"name":"Aïda Sadikh Badiane","orcid":"0000-0002-1118-4998","position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":251100,"name":"Andrés Colubri","orcid":"0000-0001-5559-9661","position":18,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":568700,"name":"Mouhamadou Ndiaye","orcid":"0000-0002-5619-8859","position":19,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":569401,"name":"Ngayo Sy","orcid":null,"position":20,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":7155,"name":"Pardis C. Sabeti","orcid":"0000-0002-9843-1890","position":21,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":489313,"name":"Daouda Ndiaye","orcid":null,"position":22,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":251084,"name":"Katherine J. 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