{"doi":"10.1038/ncomms9785","title":"Perfluorocarbon nanoparticles enhance reactive oxygen levels and tumour growth inhibition in photodynamic therapy","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Photodynamic therapy (PDT) kills cancer cells by converting tumour oxygen into reactive singlet oxygen (<jats:sup>1</jats:sup>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) using a photosensitizer. However, pre-existing hypoxia in tumours and oxygen consumption during PDT can result in an inadequate oxygen supply, which in turn hampers photodynamic efficacy. Here to overcome this problem, we create oxygen self-enriching photodynamic therapy (Oxy-PDT) by loading a photosensitizer into perfluorocarbon nanodroplets. Because of the higher oxygen capacity and longer<jats:sup>1</jats:sup>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>lifetime of perfluorocarbon, the photodynamic effect of the loaded photosensitizer is significantly enhanced, as demonstrated by the accelerated generation of<jats:sup>1</jats:sup>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>and elevated cytotoxicity. Following direct injection into tumours,<jats:italic>in vivo</jats:italic>studies reveal tumour growth inhibition in the Oxy-PDT-treated mice. In addition, a single-dose intravenous injection of Oxy-PDT into tumour-bearing mice significantly inhibits tumour growth, whereas traditional PDT has no effect. Oxy-PDT may enable the enhancement of existing clinical PDT and future PDT design.</jats:p>","journal":"Nature Communications","year":2015,"id":34389,"datarank":14.810699936595526,"base_score":6.840546529288687,"endowment":6.840546529288687,"self_citation_contribution":1.0260819793933031,"citation_network_contribution":13.784617957202222,"self_endowment_contribution":1.0260819793933031,"citer_contribution":13.784617957202222,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":934,"citer_count":200,"citers_with_citation_signal":200,"citers_with_endowment":200,"datacite_reuse_total":12,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":95238,"name":"Hao Cheng","orcid":"0000-0003-3661-1519","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":178171,"name":"Chenxiao 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for cancer theranostics","Photodynamic Therapy Research Studies","Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism","Medicine","Chemistry","Materials Science"],"mesh_terms":["Adenocarcinoma","Animals","Hypoxia","Breast Neoplasms","Cell Survival","Colonic Neoplasms","Female","Fluorocarbons","Humans","Male","Neoplasm Transplantation","Oxygen Consumption","Photochemotherapy","Apoptosis","Photosensitizing Agents","Reactive Oxygen Species","In Situ Nick-End Labeling","Singlet Oxygen","Cell Line, Tumor","Tumor Burden","Mice","Nanoparticles","MCF-7 Cells","In Vitro Techniques"],"keywords":["Photodynamic therapy","Reactive oxygen species","Nanoparticle","Chemistry","Oxygen","Cancer research","Nanotechnology","Biophysics","Medicine","Materials science","Biochemistry","Biology"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Good health and well-being"}],"linked_datasets":[{"doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.14927041.v1","title":"Additional file 1 of Synthesis of iridium-based nanocomposite with catalase activity for 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