{"doi":"10.1038/nature01588","title":"Fitness costs of R-gene-mediated resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana","abstract":"Resistance genes (R-genes) act as an immune system in plants by recognizing pathogens and inducing defensive pathways. Many R-gene loci are present in plant genomes, presumably reflecting the need to maintain a large repertoire of resistance alleles. These loci also often segregate for resistance and susceptibility alleles that natural selection has maintained as polymorphisms within a species for millions of years. Given the obvious advantage to an individual of being disease resistant, what prevents these resistance alleles from being driven to fixation by natural selection? A cost of resistance is one potential explanation; most models require a lower fitness of resistant individuals in the absence of pathogens for long-term persistence of susceptibility alleles. Here we test for the presence of a cost of resistance at the RPM1 locus of Arabidopsis thaliana. Results of a field experiment comparing the fitness of isogenic strains that differ in the presence or absence of RPM1 and its natural promoter reveal a large cost of RPM1, providing the first evidence that costs contribute to the maintenance of an ancient R-gene polymorphism.","journal":"Nature","year":2003,"id":7845,"datarank":1.0006149481268811,"base_score":6.670766320845874,"endowment":6.670766320845874,"self_citation_contribution":1.0006149481268811,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":1.0006149481268811,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":788,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.0513,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2003-05-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":70922,"name":"M. B. Traw","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":70923,"name":"J. Q. Chen","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":70924,"name":"M. Kreitman","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":70925,"name":"J. Bergelson","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":70926,"name":"Da Tian","orcid":"0000-0002-2182-4012","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":70927,"name":"M. Brian Traw","orcid":"0000-0002-3148-2108","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":70928,"name":"Jian‐Qun Chen","orcid":"0000-0003-4376-5655","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":70929,"name":"Martin Kreitman","orcid":"0000-0003-4625-7867","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":70930,"name":"Joy Bergelson","orcid":"0000-0001-7893-7387","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":70921,"name":"D. Tian","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":36,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-03-01T18:20:47.508186Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}