{"doi":"10.1038/ki.2008.496","title":"Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxides (USPIOs): a future alternative magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agent for patients at risk for nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF)?","abstract":null,"journal":"Kidney International","year":2009,"id":685861,"datarank":0.8363923654719475,"base_score":5.575949103146316,"endowment":5.575949103146316,"self_citation_contribution":0.8363923654719475,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.8363923654719475,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":263,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":411282,"name":"Bronwyn E. Hamilton","orcid":"0000-0002-1881-9108","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1791885,"name":"Csanad G. Varallyay","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1791886,"name":"William R. Rooney","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1791887,"name":"Robert D. Edelman","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1791888,"name":"Paula M. Jacobs","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1791889,"name":"Suzanne G. Watnick","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":388348,"name":"Edward A. Neuwelt","orcid":"0000-0002-6679-6203","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxides (USPIOs): a future alternative magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agent for patients at risk for nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF)?","abstract":"Gadolinium (Gd) based contrast agents (GBCAs) in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used in daily clinical practice and appear safe in most patients; however, nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is a recently recognized severe complication associated with GBCAs. It affects primarily patients with renal disease, such as stage 4 or 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD; glomerular filtration rate <30 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)), acute kidney injury, or kidney and liver transplant recipients with kidney dysfunction. Contrast-enhanced MRI and computed tomography (CT) scans provide important clinical information and influence patient management. An alternative contrast agent is needed to obtain adequate imaging results while avoiding the risk of NSF in this vulnerable patient group. One potential alternative is ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticles, which provide enhancement characteristics similar to GBCAs. We review our experience in approximately 150 patients on the potential benefits of the USPIOs ferumoxtran-10 and ferumoxytol. We focus on central nervous system (CNS) MRI but also review imaging of other vascular beds. Safety studies, including USPIO administration (ferumoxytol) as iron supplement therapy in CKD patients on and not on dialysis, suggest that decreased kidney function does not alter the safety profile. We conclude that for both CNS MR imaging and MR angiography, USPIO agents like ferumoxytol are a viable option for patients at risk for NSF.","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":5.575949103146316,"endowment":5.575949103146316,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"18843256","pmcid":"PMC2643331","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2069746446","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"NINDS NIH HHS","grant_id":"R01 NS044687","title":null},{"funder_name":"NINDS NIH HHS","grant_id":"R37 NS044687","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIBIB NIH HHS","grant_id":"EB007258","title":null},{"funder_name":"NCI NIH HHS","grant_id":"R01 CA137488","title":null},{"funder_name":"NINDS NIH HHS","grant_id":"R01 NS053468","title":null},{"funder_name":"NINDS NIH HHS","grant_id":"NS34608","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIBIB NIH HHS","grant_id":"R01 EB007258","title":null},{"funder_name":"NINDS NIH HHS","grant_id":"R01 NS033618","title":null},{"funder_name":"NINDS NIH HHS","grant_id":"NS44687","title":null},{"funder_name":"NINDS NIH HHS","grant_id":"R01 NS034608","title":null},{"funder_name":"NINDS NIH HHS","grant_id":"NS33618","title":null},{"funder_name":"National Institutes of Health","grant_id":"3R01NS033618-10S1","title":"TWO Compartment Models to Improve Brain Tumor Therapy"},{"funder_name":"National Institutes of Health","grant_id":"5R37NS044687-22","title":"Opening of the Blood Brain Barrier to Antitumor Agents"},{"funder_name":"National Institutes of Health","grant_id":"5R01NS034608-02","title":"CNS GENE DELIVERY AND EFFICACY IN BRAIN TUMOR THERAPY"},{"funder_name":"National Institutes of Health","grant_id":"1R01EB007258-01","title":"Human Brain Vascular Phenotyping with High-Field MRI:Water Permeability Mapping"}],"total_grants":15,"fwci":6.5931,"citation_percentile":0.97807954,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2012,"count":19},{"year":2013,"count":24},{"year":2014,"count":17},{"year":2015,"count":20},{"year":2016,"count":18},{"year":2017,"count":20},{"year":2018,"count":18},{"year":2019,"count":19},{"year":2020,"count":14},{"year":2021,"count":11},{"year":2022,"count":7},{"year":2023,"count":8},{"year":2024,"count":13},{"year":2025,"count":7},{"year":2026,"count":5}],"oa_status":"green","license":"Elsevier Non-Commercial","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2643331","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2643331","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0085253815537241?httpAccept=text/xml","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0085253815537241?httpAccept=text/plain","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.2008.496","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18843256","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"http://www.kidney-international.org/article/S0085253815537241/pdf","host_type":""},{"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ki.2008.496","host_type":""},{"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ki.2008.496","host_type":""}],"fields_of_study":["Lanthanide and Transition Metal Complexes","Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","MRI in cancer diagnosis","03 medical and health sciences","0302 clinical medicine","Central Nervous System","Chronic Disease","Contrast Media","Dextrans","Ferrosoferric Oxide","Gadolinium","Glomerular Filtration Rate","Humans","Iron","Kidney Diseases","Magnetic Resonance Angiography","Magnetic Resonance Imaging","Magnetite Nanoparticles","Male","Middle Aged","Nanoparticles","Nephrogenic Fibrosing Dermopathy","Oxides","Risk Factors"],"mesh_terms":["Central Nervous System","Chronic Disease","Contrast Media","Dextrans","Gadolinium","Glomerular Filtration Rate","Humans","Iron","Kidney Diseases","Magnetic Resonance Imaging","Male","Middle Aged","Oxides","Risk Factors","Magnetic Resonance Angiography","Ferrosoferric Oxide","Nanoparticles","Nephrogenic Fibrosing Dermopathy","Magnetite Nanoparticles"],"keywords":["Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis","Magnetic resonance imaging","Medicine","Superparamagnetism","Fibrosis","Radiology","Pathology","Magnetic field","Physics","Central Nervous System","Male","Iron","Contrast Media","Gadolinium","i.v. iron","Nephrogenic Fibrosing Dermopathy","Risk Factors","ferumoxytol","Humans","Magnetite Nanoparticles","Dextrans","Oxides","Middle Aged","Ferrosoferric Oxide","Nephrology","Chronic Disease","Nanoparticles","Kidney Diseases","Magnetic Resonance Angiography","Glomerular Filtration Rate"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":3,"sdg_label":"3. Good health"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-18T17:52:09.097721Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}