{"doi":"10.1037/pas0001242","title":"Measurement invariance of maternal depressive symptoms across the first 2 years since birth and across racial group, education, income, primiparity, and age.","abstract":"= 1,275) of mothers, we used moderated nonlinear factor analysis (MNLFA) to examine measurement invariance of the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18) Depressive Symptoms subscale across time since birth, racial group, education, income, primiparity, and maternal age at childbirth. We identified evidence of differential item functioning (DIF; i.e., measurement noninvariance) as a function of racial group and education. Subsequent analyses indicated, however, that the DIF-induced bias had minimal impacts on substantive comparisons examining change over time since birth and group differences. Thus, the presence of measurement noninvariance does not appear to bias substantive comparisons using the BSI-18 Depressive Symptoms subscale across the first 2 years since birth in a sample comprising primarily African American and White mothers living in predominately rural, low-income communities. This study demonstrates the importance of assessing measurement invariance and highlights MNLFA for evaluating the impact of noninvariance as a preliminary step that increases confidence in the validity of substantive inferences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).","journal":"Psychological Assessment","year":2023,"id":354857,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":6,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9273,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":282730,"name":"Meriah Lee DeJoseph","orcid":"0000-0002-5086-147X","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":377315,"name":"Sylia Wilson","orcid":"0000-0003-0144-524X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":548287,"name":"W. Roger Mills‐Koonce","orcid":"0000-0002-9923-1831","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":665268,"name":"Daniel Berry","orcid":"0000-0001-7001-7914","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1034733,"name":"Emily R. Padrutt","orcid":"0000-0002-0698-8879","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":70,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:13:11.976628Z","pmid":"37227837","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}