{"doi":"10.1037/dev0001982","title":"Is screen time associated with children’s physiological regulation? Answers from a 3-year prospective study before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.","abstract":"= 269, 48% female at Wave 3) were drawn from Waves 3 to 5 of Project Media Effects on Development from Infancy to Adulthood, a longitudinal study on the impact of early media use on children's development. Parents reported children's time using media across different medium (e.g., television, tablets, book reading, smartphones). At Waves 3 and 5, children's baseline RSA was recorded in their homes. Results revealed an increase in nearly all forms of media during the first year of COVID-19 pandemic (W4) and decreases during year 2 (W5) with some but not all forms of media returning to W3 levels. A growth mixture model found two distinct classes of participants primarily across measures of socioeconomic status (SES). Higher levels of screen time pre-COVID-19 pandemic were linked to lower RSA 2 years later, regardless of SES. Protective factors were observed for children from lower SES families, including if they had higher income relative to other class members. Findings are framed in the context of displacement and polyvagal theory, suggesting that higher levels of media consumption early in life may displace opportunities that support children's emerging regulatory systems. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","journal":"Developmental Psychology","year":2025,"id":565322,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.8175,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1468768,"name":"Noah A. Chojnacki","orcid":"0009-0005-2287-6956","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":630555,"name":"Sarah M. Coyne","orcid":"0000-0002-1403-8726","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":548246,"name":"Chongming Yang","orcid":"0000-0002-3941-0811","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1053068,"name":"Peter J. Reschke","orcid":"0000-0002-1711-8385","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":630560,"name":"Laura Stockdale","orcid":"0000-0001-9453-2232","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":630559,"name":"Hailey G. Holmgren","orcid":"0000-0001-8698-8432","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1216533,"name":"Chris L. Porter","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:56:28.709936Z","pmid":"40323820","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}