{"doi":"10.1037/a0028241","title":"Effects of neonatal amygdala lesions on fear learning, conditioned inhibition, and extinction in adult macaques.","abstract":null,"journal":"Behavioral Neuroscience","year":2012,"id":592893,"datarank":1.3881456896861915,"base_score":3.8918202981106265,"endowment":3.8918202981106265,"self_citation_contribution":0.5837730447165941,"citation_network_contribution":0.8043726449695974,"self_endowment_contribution":0.5837730447165941,"citer_contribution":0.8043726449695974,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":48,"citer_count":39,"citers_with_citation_signal":30,"citers_with_endowment":30,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":268885,"name":"Eric Heuer","orcid":"0000-0003-2009-7906","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1379826,"name":"Michael Davis","orcid":"0000-0001-7666-4856","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":344607,"name":"Jocelyne Bachevalier","orcid":"0000-0002-7117-0643","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":389021,"name":"Andy M. Kazama","orcid":"0000-0002-4730-0612","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Effects of neonatal amygdala lesions on fear learning, conditioned inhibition, and extinction in adult macaques.","abstract":"Fear conditioning studies have demonstrated the critical role played by the amygdala in emotion processing. Although all lesion studies until now investigated the effect of adult-onset damage on fear conditioning, the current study assessed fear-learning abilities, as measured by fear-potentiated startle, in adult monkeys that had received neonatal neurotoxic amygdala damage or sham-operations. After fear acquisition, their abilities to learn and use a safety cue to modulate their fear to the conditioned cue, and, finally, to extinguish their response to the fear conditioned cue were measured with the AX+/BX- Paradigm. Neonatal amygdala damage retarded, but did not completely abolish, the acquisition of a learned fear. After acquisition of the fear signal, four of the six animals with neonatal amygdala lesions discriminated between the fear and safety cues and were also able to use the safety signal to reduce the potentiated-startle response and to extinguish the fear response when the air-blast was absent. In conclusion, the present results support the critical contribution of the amygdala during the early phases of fear conditioning that leads to quick, robust responses to potentially threatening stimuli, a highly adaptive process across all species and likely to be present in early infancy. The neonatal amygdala lesions also indicated the presence of amygdala-independent alternate pathways that are capable to support fear learning in the absence of a functional amygdala. This parallel processing of fear responses within these alternate pathways was also sufficient to support the ability to flexibly modulate the magnitude of the fear responses.","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":3.8918202981106265,"endowment":3.8918202981106265,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"22642884","pmcid":"PMC3740331","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W1995557073","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","grant_id":"MH-58846, MH-086947, MH-047840","title":null},{"funder_name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","grant_id":"HD-45471","title":null},{"funder_name":"Yerkes National Primate Research Center","grant_id":"RR-00165","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIMH NIH HHS","grant_id":"R21 MH086947","title":null},{"funder_name":"NICHD NIH HHS","grant_id":"P01 HD035471","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIMH NIH HHS","grant_id":"MH-086947","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIMH NIH HHS","grant_id":"R33 MH086947","title":null},{"funder_name":"Autism Speaks","grant_id":"AS1657","title":null},{"funder_name":"NICHD NIH HHS","grant_id":"L40 HD045471","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIMH NIH HHS","grant_id":"MH-047840","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIMH NIH HHS","grant_id":"MH-58846","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIMH NIH HHS","grant_id":"R37 MH047840","title":null},{"funder_name":"NCRR NIH HHS","grant_id":"P51 RR000165","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIMH NIH HHS","grant_id":"R01 MH047840","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIMH NIH HHS","grant_id":"R01 MH058846","title":null},{"funder_name":"Autism Speaks","grant_id":"","title":null}],"total_grants":16,"fwci":1.54,"citation_percentile":0.80655268,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2012,"count":2},{"year":2013,"count":6},{"year":2014,"count":4},{"year":2016,"count":2},{"year":2017,"count":5},{"year":2018,"count":4},{"year":2019,"count":4},{"year":2020,"count":6},{"year":2021,"count":1},{"year":2022,"count":3},{"year":2023,"count":2},{"year":2024,"count":5},{"year":2025,"count":3},{"year":2026,"count":1}],"oa_status":"closed","license":null,"oa_locations":[{"url":"http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/bne/126/3/392.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028241","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22642884","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3740331","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Memory and Neural Mechanisms","Stress Responses and Cortisol","Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior","Acoustic Stimulation","Age Factors","Amygdala","Animals","Animals, Newborn","Avoidance Learning","Conditioning, Psychological","Extinction, Psychological","Fear","Female","Inhibition, Psychological","Macaca","Macaca mulatta","Male"],"mesh_terms":["Acoustic Stimulation","Age Factors","Amygdala","Animals","Animals, Newborn","Avoidance Learning","Conditioning, Psychological","Extinction, Psychological","Fear","Female","Inhibition, Psychological","Macaca","Macaca mulatta","Male"],"keywords":["Amygdala","Fear conditioning","Extinction (optical mineralogy)","Fear processing in the brain","Psychology","Neuroscience","Fear-potentiated startle","Classical conditioning","Startle reaction","Developmental psychology","Conditioning","Audiology","Medicine","Reflex","Biology"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Reduced inequalities"},{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-26T16:05:15.707211Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}