{"doi":"10.1037//0022-3514.74.6.1464","title":"Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The implicit association test.","abstract":"An implicit association test (IAT) measures differential association of 2 target concepts with an attribute. The 2 concepts appear in a 2-choice task (2-choice task (e.g., flower vs. insect names), and the attribute in a 2nd task (e.g., pleasant vs. unpleasant words for an evaluation attribute). When instructions oblige highly associated categories (e.g., flower + pleasant) to share a response key, performance is faster than when less associated categories (e.g., insect & pleasant) share a key. This performance difference implicitly measures differential association of the 2 concepts with the attribute. In 3 experiments, the IAT was sensitive to (a) near-universal evaluative differences (e.g., flower vs. insect), (b) expected individual differences in evaluative associations (Japanese + pleasant vs. Korean + pleasant for Japanese vs. Korean subjects), and (c) consciously disavowed evaluative differences (Black + pleasant vs. White + pleasant for self-described unprejudiced White subjects).","journal":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology","year":1998,"id":573,"datarank":14.454763724391121,"base_score":9.032767522204432,"endowment":9.032767522204432,"self_citation_contribution":1.354915128330665,"citation_network_contribution":13.099848596060456,"self_endowment_contribution":1.354915128330665,"citer_contribution":13.099848596060456,"corpus_percentile":91.3,"corpus_rank":1224,"citation_count":8372,"citer_count":183,"citers_with_citation_signal":183,"citers_with_endowment":183,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"1998-01-01","authors":[{"id":5772,"name":"Debbie E. McGhee","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":5773,"name":"Jordan L. K. Schwartz","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":5771,"name":"Anthony G. Greenwald","orcid":"0000-0001-6865-8552","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":25,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-03-01T18:20:47.508186Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}