{"doi":"10.1021/acsami.3c05900","title":"Development of Nanobody-Displayed Whole-Cell Biosensors for the Colorimetric Detection of SARS-CoV-2","abstract":"The accurate and effective detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is essential to preventing the spread of infectious diseases and ensuring human health. Herein, a nanobody-displayed whole-cell biosensor was developed for colorimetric detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins. Serving as bioreceptors, yeast surfaces were genetically engineered to display SARS-CoV-2 binding of llama-derived single-domain antibodies (nanobodies) with high capture efficiency, facilitating the concentration and purification of SARS-CoV-2. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) employed as signal transductions were functionalized with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and anti-SARS monoclonal antibodies to enhance the detection sensitivity. In the presence of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, the sandwiched binding will be formed by linking engineered yeast, SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, and reporter AuNPs. The colorimetric signal was generated by the enzymatic reaction of HRP and its corresponding colorimetric substrate/chromogen system. At the optimal conditions, the developed whole-cell biosensor enables the sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins in a linear range from 0.01 to 1 μg/mL with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.037 μg/mL (about 4 × 10 8 virion particles/mL). Furthermore, the whole-cell biosensor was demonstrated to detect the spike protein of different SARS-CoV-2 variants in human serum, providing new possibilities for the detection of future SARS-CoV-2 variants.","journal":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces","year":2023,"id":328038,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":24,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9535,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1048891,"name":"Zhiyuan Xu","orcid":"0000-0002-6352-2629","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1029301,"name":"Tom Kasputis","orcid":"0000-0003-0772-0599","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1048892,"name":"Xue Zhao","orcid":"0000-0002-6337-8137","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1049356,"name":"Itatí Ibañez","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1049357,"name":"Florencia Pavan","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":563727,"name":"Marina Bok","orcid":"0000-0003-4309-8629","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1049358,"name":"Juan Malito","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":563729,"name":"Viviana Parreño","orcid":"0000-0003-0385-5592","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":690619,"name":"Lijuan Yuan","orcid":"0000-0003-0709-5228","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":808108,"name":"R Clay Wright","orcid":"0000-0001-7125-3943","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1029302,"name":"Juhong Chen","orcid":"0000-0002-6484-2739","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1029299,"name":"Yawen He","orcid":"0009-0001-4898-5465","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":40,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:08:47.581262Z","pmid":"37489943","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}