{"doi":"10.1021/acsabm.4c00316","title":"A Physiochemical, <i>In Vitro,</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Comparative Analysis of Verteporfin–Lipid Conjugate Formulations: Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Liposomes","abstract":"High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Visudyne Ⓡ, a liposomal formulation of verteporfin (benzoporphyrin derivative; BPD), is the only nanomedicine approved to date for photodynamic therapy (PDT). We have previously demonstrated that BPD conjugated to the lysophospholipid 1-arachidoyl-2-hydroxy- sn -glycero-3-phosphocholine (BPD-PC) exhibits the greatest physical stability in liposomes, while maintaining cancer cell phototoxicity, from a panel of BPD lipid conjugates evaluated. In this study, we prepared 1,2-dipalmitoyl- sn -glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC)-based solid lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) that stably entrap BPD-PC, which resemble the composition of the Spikevax Ⓡ Moderna COVID-19 vaccine, and compared them to a DPPC based liposomal formulation ( Lipo BPD-PC ). We evaluated the photochemical, optical, and phototherapeutic properties of both formulations. We also investigated the in vivo distribution and tumor microdistribution of both formulations. Our results demonstrated that Lipo BPD-PC is able to generate 17% more singlet oxygen than LNP BPD-PC, while interestingly, LNP BPD-PC is able to produce 76% more hydroxyl radicals and/or peroxynitrite anion. Importantly, only 28% of BPD-PC leaches out of the LNP BPD-PC formulation during 7 days of incubation in serum at 37 °C, while 100% of BPD-PC leaches out of the Lipo BPD-PC formulation under the same conditions. Despite these differences, there was no significant difference in cellular uptake of BPD-PC or phototoxicity in CT1BA5 murine pancreatic cancer cells (derived from a genetically engineered mouse model). Interestingly, PDT using LNP BPD-PC was more efficient at inducing immunogenic cell death (calreticulin membrane translocation) than Lipo BPD-PC when using IC 25 and IC 50 PDT doses. In vivo studies revealed that CT1BA5 tumor fluorescence signals from BPD-PC were 2.41-fold higher with Lipo BPD-PC than with LNP BPD-PC; however, no significant difference was observed in tumor tissue selectivity or tumor penetration. As such, we present LNP BPD-PC as a unique and more stable nanoplatform to carry BPD lipid conjugates, such as BPD-PC, with a potential for future photodynamic immune priming studies and multiagent drug delivery.","journal":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","year":2024,"id":438615,"datarank":0.3596842909197557,"base_score":2.3978952727983707,"endowment":2.3978952727983707,"self_citation_contribution":0.3596842909197557,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.3596842909197557,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":10,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9579,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1237717,"name":"S. Soma","orcid":"0000-0002-6012-3454","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1238111,"name":"Maxwell Quaye","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1249280,"name":"Doha Mahmoud","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":434528,"name":"Sarah Ahmed","orcid":"0000-0003-0155-8113","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1081416,"name":"Ashritha Malkoochi","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":445029,"name":"Girgis Obaid","orcid":"0000-0002-9452-4467","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":728919,"name":"Nimit Shah","orcid":"0000-0003-4977-9222","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":63,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:00:43.618468Z","pmid":"38934648","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}