{"doi":"10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c02804","title":"Cellular and <i>In Vivo</i> Response to Industrial, Food Grade, and Photocatalytic TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles","abstract":"High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide We encounter titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs) throughout our daily lives in the form of food coloring, cosmetics, and industrial materials. They are used on a massive industrial scale, with over 1 million metric tons in the global market. For the workers who process these materials, inhalation is a major concern. The goal of our current research is to provide a direct comparison of the three major types of TiO 2 NPs (P25, E171, R101) in terms of surface characterization, cellular response, and in vivo response following introduction into the lungs of mice. In both cellular and in vivo experiments, we observe a pro-inflammatory response to the P25 TiO 2 NPs that is not observed in the E171 or R101 TiO 2 NPs at mass-matched concentrations. Cellular experiments measured a cytokine, TNF-α, as a marker of a pro-inflammatory response. In vivo experiments in mice measured the number of immune cells and four pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, MIP-2, IP-10, and MCP-1) present in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. A detailed physical and chemical characterization of the TiO 2 NPs shows that the P25 TiO 2 NPs are distinguished by smaller primary particles suggesting that samples matched by mass contain a larger number of P25 TiO 2 NPs. Cellular dose–response measurements with the P25, E171, and R101 TiO 2 NPs support this hypothesis showing increased TNF-α release by macrophages as a function of TiO 2 NP dose. Overall, this direct comparison of the three major types of TiO 2 NPs shows that the number of particles in a dose, which is dependent on the particle diameter, is a key parameter in TiO 2 NP-induced inflammation.","journal":"The Journal of Physical Chemistry B","year":2024,"id":469048,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":3,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9537,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1090920,"name":"Michaela C. Albright","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1090919,"name":"Karsten M. Poulsen","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":292273,"name":"Robert M. Tighe","orcid":"0000-0002-3465-9861","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":492275,"name":"Christine K. Payne","orcid":"0000-0002-2370-0101","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1010516,"name":"Morgan Heckman","orcid":"0009-0009-6346-8739","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":48,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:05:28.027781Z","pmid":"39231525","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}