{"doi":"10.1017/s0048577299980381","title":"Dissociating beliefs about heart rates and actual heart rates in patients with cardiac pacemakers","abstract":"<jats:p>Performance on heartbeat counting tasks is usually interpreted in terms of cardiac sensitivity. We tested the hypothesis that heartbeat counting is influenced by beliefs about heart rates by dissociating beliefs about heart rates and actual heart rates. In a within‐subjects design, heart rates of 50 patients with cardiac pacemakers were set to a low (50 bpm), medium (75 bpm), or high (110 bpm) pacing rate unknown to the patients via remote control while they performed a heartbeat tracking task. Results showed that patients' heartbeat counting did not follow the shifts in their actual heart rates adequately, although their overall performance was comparable to that of young and healthy control participants. As a result, tracking scores decreased significantly in the high pacing rate condition where beliefs about heart rates and actual heart rates were most extremely dissociated. The findings suggest that tracking scores reflect beliefs about heart rates rather than cardiac sensitivity.</jats:p>","journal":"Psychophysiology","year":1999,"id":674013,"datarank":0.6966586348712059,"base_score":4.6443908991413725,"endowment":4.6443908991413725,"self_citation_contribution":0.6966586348712059,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.6966586348712059,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":103,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1761028,"name":"Othmar W. Schonecke","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1761029,"name":"Gerd Fröhlig","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1761031,"name":"Gabriele Maldener","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1761027,"name":"Sabine Windmann","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Dissociating beliefs about heart rates and actual heart rates in patients with cardiac pacemakers","abstract":"<jats:p>Performance on heartbeat counting tasks is usually interpreted in terms of cardiac sensitivity. We tested the hypothesis that heartbeat counting is influenced by beliefs about heart rates by dissociating beliefs about heart rates and actual heart rates. In a within‐subjects design, heart rates of 50 patients with cardiac pacemakers were set to a low (50 bpm), medium (75 bpm), or high (110 bpm) pacing rate unknown to the patients via remote control while they performed a heartbeat tracking task. Results showed that patients' heartbeat counting did not follow the shifts in their actual heart rates adequately, although their overall performance was comparable to that of young and healthy control participants. As a result, tracking scores decreased significantly in the high pacing rate condition where beliefs about heart rates and actual heart rates were most extremely dissociated. The findings suggest that tracking scores reflect beliefs about heart rates rather than cardiac sensitivity.</jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":4.6443908991413725,"endowment":4.6443908991413725,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"10352557","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2043464206","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":0.1552,"citation_percentile":0.44812413,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2013,"count":1},{"year":2014,"count":4},{"year":2015,"count":2},{"year":2016,"count":4},{"year":2017,"count":1},{"year":2018,"count":6},{"year":2019,"count":9},{"year":2020,"count":11},{"year":2021,"count":19},{"year":2022,"count":7},{"year":2023,"count":11},{"year":2024,"count":7},{"year":2025,"count":4},{"year":2026,"count":4}],"oa_status":"closed","license":"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1017%2FS0048577299980381","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1017/S0048577299980381","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0048577299980381","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10352557","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","Mental Health Research Topics"],"mesh_terms":["Adult","Aged","Analysis of Variance","Cardiac Pacing, Artificial","Female","Heart Rate","Humans","Male","Perception","Psychophysiology","Research Design","Case-Control Studies"],"keywords":["Heartbeat","Heart rate","Cardiology","Psychology","Internal medicine","Cardiac cycle","Tracking (education)","Medicine","Blood pressure","Computer science"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Good health and well-being"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-16T15:14:07.341049Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}