{"doi":"10.1016/j.xpro.2025.103996","title":"Protocol to study adenosine release in the adult mouse hippocampus using a genetically encoded sensor, 2-photon live imaging, and fiber photometry","abstract":"Genetically encoded fluorescent sensors are powerful tools for tracking real-time neuromodulator dynamics. Here, we present a protocol to measure adenosine release using the G protein-coupled receptor activation-based adenosine (GRAB Ado1.0m ) sensor in the mouse hippocampus. We describe steps for stereotaxic surgery, including virus injection and optic fiber implantation, ex vivo two-photon live imaging, and in vivo fiber photometry. We then detail histological procedures for experimental validation. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Nasrallah et al. 1 • Steps to monitor adenosine release in the mouse brain using a fluorescent biosensor • Two-photon live imaging of GRAB Ado1.0m fluorescent signal in acute brain slices • Steps to conduct in vivo fiber photometry in GRAB Ado1.0m -injected mice • Protocol for viral delivery and optic fiber implantation using stereotaxic surgery Publisher’s note: Undertaking any experimental protocol requires adherence to local institutional guidelines for laboratory safety and ethics. Genetically encoded fluorescent sensors are powerful tools for tracking real-time neuromodulator dynamics. Here, we present a protocol to measure adenosine release using the G protein-coupled receptor activation-based adenosine (GRAB Ado1.0m ) sensor in the mouse hippocampus. We describe steps for stereotaxic surgery, including virus injection and optic fiber implantation, ex vivo two-photon live imaging, and in vivo fiber photometry. We then detail histological procedures for experimental validation.","journal":"STAR Protocols","year":2025,"id":545751,"datarank":0.10397207708399181,"base_score":0.6931471805599453,"endowment":0.6931471805599453,"self_citation_contribution":0.10397207708399181,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.10397207708399181,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9576,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":329045,"name":"Pablo E. Castillo","orcid":"0000-0002-9834-1801","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":692245,"name":"Kaoutsar Nasrallah","orcid":"0000-0002-2627-7417","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":692244,"name":"Coralie Berthoux","orcid":"0000-0001-7825-1166","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":15,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:53:27.751050Z","pmid":"40742815","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}