{"doi":"10.1016/j.xpro.2025.103709","title":"Protocol for detection of cGAMP-induced STING oligomerization in cultured cells","abstract":"STING (stimulator of interferon genes) plays a critical role in the innate immune response, including in viral infection, cancer immunity, and several autoimmune diseases. Here, we present a protocol for detection of STING oligomerization, a critical step in STING activation. We describe steps for expressing STING in HEK293T cells, activating STING by 2′3′ cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) treatment, and analyzing STING oligomerization by non-reducing SDS-PAGE and blue native PAGE. This protocol is useful for studies of STING functions, regulation, and dysregulation. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Liu and Manley. 1 • Procedures for expressing and activating STING in HEK293T cells • Instructions for non-reducing SDS-PAGE and blue native PAGE • Steps for the analysis of STING oligomerization Publisher’s note: Undertaking any experimental protocol requires adherence to local institutional guidelines for laboratory safety and ethics. STING (stimulator of interferon genes) plays a critical role in the innate immune response, including in viral infection, cancer immunity, and several autoimmune diseases. Here, we present a protocol for detection of STING oligomerization, a critical step in STING activation. We describe steps for expressing STING in HEK293T cells, activating STING by 2′3′ cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) treatment, and analyzing STING oligomerization by non-reducing SDS-PAGE and blue native PAGE. This protocol is useful for studies of STING functions, regulation, and dysregulation.","journal":"STAR Protocols","year":2025,"id":522931,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":4,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9574,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":5592,"name":"James L. Manley","orcid":"0000-0002-8341-1459","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":421197,"name":"Lizhi Liu","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":19,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:49:58.707747Z","pmid":"40120112","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}