{"doi":"10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102249","title":"Protocol for analyzing transforming growth factor β signaling in dextran-sulfate-sodium-induced colitic mice using flow cytometry and western blotting","abstract":"Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is critical to the maintenance of intestinal immune homeostasis. Here, we present techniques for analyzing Smad molecules downstream of TGF-β receptor signaling in dextran-sulfate-sodium-induced colitic mice. We describe colitis induction, cell isolation, and flow cytometric cell sorting of dendritic cells and T cells. We then detail intracellular staining of phosphorylated Smad2/3 and western blotting analysis of Smad7. This protocol can be performed on a limited number of cells from many sources. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Garo et al.1","journal":"STAR Protocols","year":2023,"id":388165,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9568,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":536740,"name":"Lucien P. Garo","orcid":"0000-0001-5369-1958","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":314194,"name":"Amrendra K. Ajay","orcid":"0000-0003-2790-5726","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":651074,"name":"Alkeiver S Cannon","orcid":"0000-0001-9558-603X","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1157398,"name":"Panagiota Kolypetri","orcid":"0000-0002-9528-8355","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":871429,"name":"Shivnarayan Dhuppar","orcid":"0000-0001-8772-1721","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":536738,"name":"Gopal Murugaiyan","orcid":"0000-0003-0439-1363","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":536739,"name":"Mai Fujiwara","orcid":"0000-0001-5540-182X","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":5,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:18:13.977537Z","pmid":"37099428","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}