{"doi":"10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100215","title":"Paladin, a tyrosine phosphatase-like protein, is required for XA21-mediated immunity in rice","abstract":"XA21 encodes a rice immune receptor that confers robust resistance to most strains of the Gram-negative bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). XA21-mediated immunity is triggered by recognition of a small protein called RaxX-sY (required for activation of XA21-mediated immunity X, tyrosine-sulfated) secreted by Xoo. To identify components regulating XA21-mediated immunity, we generated and screened a mutant population of fast-neutron-mutagenized rice expressing Ubi:Myc-XA21 for those susceptible to Xoo. Here, we report the characterization of one of these rice mutants, named sxi2 (suppressor of XA21-mediated immunity-2). Whole-genome sequencing revealed that sxi2 carries a deletion of the PALADIN (PALD) gene encoding a protein with three putative protein tyrosine phosphatase-like domains (PTP-A, -B, and -C). Expression of PALD in the sxi2 genetic background was sufficient to complement the susceptible phenotype, which requires the catalytic cysteine of the PTP-A active site to restore resistance. PALD co-immunoprecipitated with the full-length XA21 protein, whose levels are positively regulated by the presence of the PALD transgene. Furthermore, we foundd that sxi2 retains many hallmarks of XA21-mediated immunity, similar to the wild type. These results reveal that PALD, a previously uncharacterized class of phosphatase, functions in rice innate immunity, and suggest that the conserved cysteine in the PTP-A domain of PALD is required for its immune function.","journal":"Plant Communications","year":2021,"id":185478,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":8,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9598,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":249564,"name":"Mawsheng Chern","orcid":"0000-0001-8049-719X","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":265065,"name":"Michael A. Steinwand","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":439629,"name":"Deling Ruan","orcid":"0000-0003-0595-2206","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":742009,"name":"Yu Wang","orcid":"0009-0009-1597-0679","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":742673,"name":"Arkin Isharani","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":110300,"name":"Pamela C. Ronald","orcid":"0000-0002-4107-1345","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":742008,"name":"Tsung-Chi Chen","orcid":"0000-0002-4422-5469","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":34,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:48:38.805613Z","pmid":"34327325","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}