{"doi":"10.1016/j.xagr.2025.100577","title":"Development and evaluation of an external cephalic version simulation-based educational program","abstract":"To develop and evaluate an external cephalic version (ECV) simulation-based educational program. We used Kern’s 6-Step Framework to develop a program composed of six learning objectives with six distinct components specifically for low-resource settings. We conducted a three-round modified Delphi panel to modify the program. We evaluated the program with a cluster randomized study of obstetrics and gynecology house officers, junior residents, senior residents/fellows, and consultants/attendings in January 2025 at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in Ghana. Self-reported comfort and confidence, knowledge, skill, and program feasibility and acceptability were analyzed with t-test, Fisher’s exact, and Spearman Rho. The Delphi panel consisted of 14 experts from five countries. At least 80% consensus on all ECV program components was reached prior to implementation. The learning group’s self-reported comfort and confidence (p<0.01), and knowledge measured via assessment (p<0.01) improved post- compared to pre-program. The learning group’s skill measured via procedural checklist increased compared to the control group (p<0.01). Within the learning group, self-reported comfort and confidence (p<0.01), and skill completing key steps on the procedural checklist (p=0.02) was higher among those with a higher compared to a lower level of training. The participants were satisfied with the program and found it acceptable, appropriate, and feasible (5-point rating, mean 4.42, standard deviation 0.54). Our ECV simulation-based program improves comfort and confidence, knowledge, and skill among Ghanaian clinicians. Given ECV success depends on the skill of the performing clinician, our program may help increase ECV rates and in result, decrease avoidable cesarean delivery rates and its complications.","journal":"AJOG Global Reports","year":2025,"id":554330,"datarank":0.10397207708399181,"base_score":0.6931471805599453,"endowment":0.6931471805599453,"self_citation_contribution":0.10397207708399181,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.10397207708399181,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.925,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1452144,"name":"Megan Gauger","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1451587,"name":"Raj Haresh Patel","orcid":"0000-0002-0750-6237","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1452145,"name":"Thelma Quarshie","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1452146,"name":"Enaam A. Adanu","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1452147,"name":"J.M. Kramer","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":452669,"name":"Kathleen H. Sienko","orcid":"0000-0002-7967-6788","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":486711,"name":"Cheryl A. Moyer","orcid":"0000-0002-5796-157X","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":354175,"name":"Molly J. Stout","orcid":"0000-0001-5171-313X","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":938029,"name":"Deborah M. Rooney","orcid":"0000-0001-9335-4294","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":486710,"name":"Samuel A. Oppong","orcid":"0000-0002-3836-1376","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1273267,"name":"Alim Swarray‐Deen","orcid":"0000-0001-9686-1187","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1451588,"name":"Emma Lawrence","orcid":"0000-0001-9018-6010","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1451586,"name":"Dhanalakshmi Thiyagarajan","orcid":"0000-0003-0306-8214","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":14,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:54:50.112989Z","pmid":"41537048","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}