{"doi":"10.1016/j.transm.2025.100098","title":"Developing a reverse translational model of low-intensity rTMS in alcohol use disorder: The influence of theta burst stimulation protocols on binge alcohol drinking in mice","abstract":"Background: Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is a promising treatment tool for Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). A challenge facing the field is that the optimal TMS parameters to reduce drinking are unknown. There are now rodent TMS coils which can be adapted to evaluate rTMS-induced changes in alcohol consumption in a rapid, cost-effective manner. Objective: Develop a preclinical model of rTMS in alcohol consuming rodents and collect pilot data to evaluate the influence rTMS parameters (here, theta burst pattern) on change in alcohol consumption and biochemistry. Methods: 66 C57BL/6 J mice (32 F) received sham, intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation (iTBS), or continuous Theta Burst Stimulation (cTBS) (14 sessions, 2 sessions/day, low intensity 16mT stimulation). Alcohol consumption and preference were evaluated before and after rTMS using a two-bottle choice, Drinking in the Dark (DID) paradigm. Cortical brain tissue was assayed for BDNF gene expression via qPCR. During DID sessions, control mice (n = 31) were given access to water only. Results: Relative to sham, iTBS increased alcohol consumption (d=0.72) and preference (d=0.44), however these results were not statistically significant. Female mice receiving iTBS, experienced a significant, large increase in alcohol consumption (p = 0.02, d=1.5). Among water only mice, iTBS (d=-1.01) and cTBS (d=-1.03) significantly reduced BDNF expression. Conclusions: This preclinical model is a feasible method to evaluate rTMS-induced changes in alcohol consumption. This pilot analysis warrants future work evaluating the influence of rTMS parameters and sex on changes in drinking or drug-seeking behaviors.","journal":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation .","year":2025,"id":552420,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9567,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":516776,"name":"Daniel M. McCalley","orcid":"0000-0001-8963-5413","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":586515,"name":"Alesha Heath","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1297950,"name":"Eric P. Kraybill","orcid":"0009-0009-1669-4848","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1448857,"name":"Fatemeh S. Mojabi","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1395520,"name":"Jairelisse Morales Morales","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":581577,"name":"Allison R. Morningstar","orcid":"0000-0002-3857-0450","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1448532,"name":"Allyson Davis","orcid":"0000-0002-5342-6473","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1448533,"name":"Claudia B. Padula","orcid":"0000-0002-0574-9374","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":467386,"name":"William J. Giardino","orcid":"0000-0001-7474-7914","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":585988,"name":"M. Windy McNerney","orcid":"0000-0002-6536-5671","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1448856,"name":"Akriti Dhungana","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":66,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:54:33.203144Z","pmid":"40585525","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}