{"doi":"10.1016/j.tim.2020.01.009","title":"AIDS-Related Mycoses: Updated Progress and Future Priorities","abstract":"Serious fungal infections continue to devastate people living with HIV and remain a leading cause of infection-related deaths in this population, second only to tuberculosis. The third AIDS-related mycoses workshop updated progress in the field over the last 3 years and highlighted six key action points for the future. Serious fungal infections continue to devastate people living with HIV and remain a leading cause of infection-related deaths in this population, second only to tuberculosis. The third AIDS-related mycoses workshop updated progress in the field over the last 3 years and highlighted six key action points for the future. AIDS-related mortality has rapidly declined since 2003 owing to improved access to HIV testing and antiretroviral therapy (ART) [1.Ford N. et al.Managing advanced HIV disease in a public health approach.Clin. Infect. Dis. 2018; 66: S106-S110Crossref PubMed Scopus (39) Google Scholar]. However, this decline has slowed in recent years, attributed to the challenges of treating advanced HIV disease (defined by the World Health Organization as a CD4 count <200 cells/μl) [2.Limper A.H. Fungal infections in HIV/AIDS.Lancet Infect. Dis. 2017; 17: e334-e343Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (218) Google Scholar]. Persons with advanced HIV disease remain susceptible to opportunistic infections and are at increased risk of death in the first year after starting ART. Although many people diagnosed with advanced HIV disease are ART-naïve, an increasing proportion are diagnosed after ART failure or following prolonged disengagement from care [3.World Health Organization HIV Drug Resistance Report 2019, WHO; Published online July 2019, https://www.who.int/hiv/pub/drugresistance/hivdr-report-2019/en/Google Scholar]. The risk of developing advanced HIV disease may be compounded by a surge in resistance to first-line ART medicines [3.World Health Organization HIV Drug Resistance Report 2019, WHO; Published online July 2019, https://www.who.int/hiv/pub/drugresistance/hivdr-report-2019/en/Google Scholar]. Since our previous meeting, cryptococcal meningitis and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) remain the leading AIDS-related causes of mortality from fungal infection. These infection-related deaths are second only to tuberculosis, with the overwhelming majority of cases occurring in sub-Saharan Africa [4.Armstrong-James D. et al.A neglected epidemic: fungal infections in HIV/AIDS.Trends Microbiol. 2014; 22: 120-127Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (210) Google Scholar, 5.Wasserman S. et al.Burden of pneumocystis pneumonia in HIV-infected adults in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC Infect. Dis. 2016; 9: 482Crossref Scopus (29) Google Scholar, 6.Rajasingham R. et al.Global burden of disease of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: an updated analysis.Lancet Infect. Dis. 2017; 17: 873-881Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (1071) Google Scholar]. A recent systematic review estimated that the number of deaths caused by histoplasmosis in Latin America may be higher than tuberculosis deaths among people living with HIV [7.Adenis A. et al.Burden of HIV-associated histoplasmosis compared with tuberculosis in Latin America: a modelling study.Lancet Infect. Dis. 2018; 18: 1150-1159Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (93) Google Scholar]. In Southern China, a retrospective cohort study described the mortality caused by Talaromyces marneffei as the highest among all AIDS-associated complications [8.Jiang J. et al.Effects of Talaromyces marneffei infection on mortality of HIV/AIDS patients in southern China: a retrospective cohort study.Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 2019; 25: 233-241Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (56) Google Scholar]. Oral candidiasis remains a common cause of morbidity [9.Brown G.D. et al.Hidden killers: human fungal infections.Sci. Transl. Med. 2012; 19165rv13Google Scholar]. South Africa has the highest global prevalenc","journal":"Trends in Microbiology","year":2020,"id":76246,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":21,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9517,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":397654,"name":"Gordon D. Brown","orcid":"0000-0002-0287-5383","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":397655,"name":"Beatriz L. Gómez","orcid":"0000-0002-6641-1924","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":239834,"name":"Nelesh P. Govender","orcid":"0000-0001-7869-9462","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":256587,"name":"Andrew H. Limper","orcid":"0000-0001-5671-6874","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":397656,"name":"Robin C. May","orcid":"0000-0001-5364-1838","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":397657,"name":"David B. Meya","orcid":"0000-0002-8854-0321","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":397653,"name":"J. Claire Hoving","orcid":"0000-0002-7162-5855","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":16,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T21:47:46.469293Z","pmid":"32396822","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}