{"doi":"10.1016/j.thromres.2021.12.015","title":"Absence of COVID-19-associated changes in plasma coagulation proteins and pulmonary thrombosis in the ferret model","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Many patients who are diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) suffer from venous thromboembolic complications despite the use of stringent anticoagulant prophylaxis. Studies on the exact mechanism(s) underlying thrombosis in COVID-19 are limited as animal models commonly used to study venous thrombosis pathophysiology (i.e. rats and mice) are naturally not susceptible to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Ferrets are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, successfully used to study virus transmission, and have been previously used to study activation of coagulation and thrombosis during influenza virus infection. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to explore the use of (heat-inactivated) plasma and lung material from SARS-CoV-2-inoculated ferrets studying COVID-19-associated changes in coagulation and thrombosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Histology and longitudinal plasma profiling using mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach was performed. RESULTS: Lungs of ferrets inoculated intranasally with SARS-CoV-2 demonstrated alveolar septa that were mildly expanded by macrophages, and diffuse interstitial histiocytic pneumonia. However, no macroscopical or microscopical evidence of vascular thrombosis in the lungs of SARS-CoV-2-inoculated ferrets was found. Longitudinal plasma profiling revealed minor differences in plasma protein profiles in SARS-CoV-2-inoculated ferrets up to 2 weeks post-infection. The majority of plasma coagulation factors were stable and demonstrated a low coefficient of variation. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that while ferrets are an essential and well-suited animal model to study SARS-CoV-2 transmission, their use to study SARS-CoV-2-related changes relevant to thrombotic disease is limited.","journal":"Thrombosis Research","year":2021,"id":205976,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":7,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.954,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":790385,"name":"Roy R.A. Winiarczyk","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":789830,"name":"Fric J. Tanis","orcid":"0000-0002-7387-3609","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":790386,"name":"Carmen van der Zwaan","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":107140,"name":"Katharina S. Schmitz","orcid":"0000-0002-8537-0646","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":789831,"name":"Arie J. Hoogendijk","orcid":"0000-0002-3082-2289","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":107148,"name":"Rik L. de Swart","orcid":"0000-0003-3599-8969","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":225939,"name":"Anne Moscona","orcid":"0000-0002-1796-8320","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":225940,"name":"Matteo Porotto","orcid":"0000-0003-3866-9220","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":542745,"name":"Daniela Salvatori","orcid":"0009-0005-3006-8502","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":107149,"name":"Rory D. de Vries","orcid":"0000-0003-2817-0127","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":538100,"name":"Moniek P.M. de Maat","orcid":"0000-0001-7749-334X","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":789832,"name":"Maartje van den Biggelaar","orcid":"0000-0001-6970-5496","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":789833,"name":"Bart J.M. van Vlijmen","orcid":"0000-0003-0208-6453","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":789829,"name":"Iris C. Kreft","orcid":"0000-0002-3595-992X","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":28,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:51:37.630221Z","pmid":"34954402","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}