{"doi":"10.1016/j.taap.2015.10.008","title":"Application of electroretinography (ERG) in early drug development for assessing retinal toxicity in rats","abstract":null,"journal":"Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology","year":2015,"id":625694,"datarank":0.47670807455219194,"base_score":3.1780538303479458,"endowment":3.1780538303479458,"self_citation_contribution":0.47670807455219194,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.47670807455219194,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":23,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1618292,"name":"Walter Collette","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1618293,"name":"Michelle Twamley","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1618294,"name":"Shirley A. Aguirre","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1618295,"name":"Aida Sacaan","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1618291,"name":"Wenhu Huang","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Application of electroretinography (ERG) in early drug development for assessing retinal toxicity in rats","abstract":"Retinal ocular toxicity is among the leading causes of drug development attrition in the pharmaceutical industry. Electroretinography (ERG) is a non-invasive functional assay used to assess neuro-retinal physiological integrity by measuring the electrical responses. To directly assess the utility of ERG, a series of studies was conducted following intravitreal and/or iv administration of pan-cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors: AG-012,986 and AG-024,322 in rats. Both compounds have previously shown to induce retinal toxicity. Retinal injury was evaluated by ERG, histopathology and TUNEL staining. Intravitreal injection of AG-012,986 at ≥ 10 μg/eye resulted in decreases (60%) in ERG b-wave and microscopic changes of mild to moderate retinal degeneration, and at 30 μg/eye led to additional ophthalmic findings. Intravenous administration of AG-012,986 daily at ≥ 5 mg/kg resulted in dose-related decreases (25 to 40%) in b-wave and sporadic to intense positive TUNEL staining. Intravitreal injection of AG-024,322 at 30 μg/eye also resulted in decreases (50 to 60%) in b-wave, mild to marked retinal degeneration and mild vitreous debris. These experiments demonstrate that ERG can be used as a sensitive and reliable functional tool to evaluate retinal toxicity induced by test compounds in rats complementing other classical ocular safety measurements.","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"26482841","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":null,"authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[],"oa_status":null,"license":"https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0041008X15301113?httpAccept=text/xml","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0041008X15301113?httpAccept=text/plain","host_type":"publisher"}],"fields_of_study":[],"mesh_terms":["Retina","Animals","Rats","Retinal Degeneration","Benzamides","Indazoles","Thiazoles","Benzimidazoles","Cyclin-Dependent Kinases","Electroretinography","In Situ Nick-End Labeling","Male","Drug Discovery","Intravitreal Injections"],"keywords":["Retina","Rats","Toxicity","Electroretinography","Pan-cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitors"],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-04T07:32:38.042993Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}