{"doi":"10.1016/j.str.2020.10.001","title":"The Architecture of Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 with Postfusion Spikes Revealed by Cryo-EM and Cryo-ET","abstract":"The ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) resulted from the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in December 2019. Currently, multiple efforts are being made to rapidly develop vaccines and treatments to fight COVID-19. Current vaccine candidates use inactivated SARS-CoV-2 viruses; therefore, it is important to understand the architecture of inactivated SARS-CoV-2. We have genetically and structurally characterized β-propiolactone-inactivated viruses from a propagated and purified clinical strain of SARS-CoV-2. We observed that the virus particles are roughly spherical or moderately pleiomorphic. Although a small fraction of prefusion spikes are found, most spikes appear nail shaped, thus resembling a postfusion state, where the S1 protein of the spike has disassociated from S2. Cryoelectron tomography and subtomogram averaging of these spikes yielded a density map that closely matches the overall structure of the SARS-CoV postfusion spike and its corresponding glycosylation site. Our findings have major implications for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine design, especially those using inactivated viruses.","journal":"Structure","year":2020,"id":50162,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":207,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9533,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":245734,"name":"Luiza Mendonça","orcid":"0000-0002-9210-9139","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":245735,"name":"Yang Yang","orcid":"0000-0001-9061-3828","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":245736,"name":"Yuanzhu Gao","orcid":"0000-0001-5593-0772","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":245737,"name":"Chenguang Shen","orcid":"0000-0001-8607-3750","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":245738,"name":"Jiwei Liu","orcid":"0000-0002-4402-7331","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":245739,"name":"Tao Ni","orcid":"0000-0001-7268-0306","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":245740,"name":"Bin Ju","orcid":"0000-0003-0768-6327","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":245741,"name":"Congcong Liu","orcid":"0000-0002-8675-9100","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":245742,"name":"Xian Tang","orcid":"0000-0003-0235-995X","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":245743,"name":"Jinli Wei","orcid":"0000-0003-4612-8475","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":245744,"name":"Xiaomin Ma","orcid":"0009-0006-0458-5132","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":245745,"name":"Yanan Zhu","orcid":"0000-0003-1025-7929","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":245746,"name":"Weilong Liu","orcid":"0009-0003-1206-9494","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":248400,"name":"Shuman Xu","orcid":null,"position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":245747,"name":"Yingxia Liu","orcid":"0000-0001-6335-3346","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":245748,"name":"Jing Yuan","orcid":"0000-0002-8937-9568","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":245749,"name":"Jing Wu","orcid":"0000-0001-9602-7387","position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":245750,"name":"Zheng Liu","orcid":"0000-0001-6952-3406","position":18,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":104310,"name":"Zheng Zhang","orcid":"0009-0006-3234-8759","position":19,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":245751,"name":"Lei Liu","orcid":"0000-0001-9612-6844","position":20,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":245752,"name":"Peiyi Wang","orcid":"0000-0001-8645-7551","position":21,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":245753,"name":"Peijun Zhang","orcid":"0000-0003-1803-691X","position":22,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":245733,"name":"Chuang Liu","orcid":"0000-0003-0431-2856","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":35,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T20:38:25.860949Z","pmid":"33058760","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}