{"doi":"10.1016/j.socscimed.2026.119153","title":"Cognitive health and protective factors: from a life expectancy approach","abstract":null,"journal":"Social Science &amp; Medicine","year":2026,"id":645665,"datarank":0.10397207708399181,"base_score":0.6931471805599453,"endowment":0.6931471805599453,"self_citation_contribution":0.10397207708399181,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.10397207708399181,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1681318,"name":"Alejandra-Ximena Araya","orcid":"0000-0001-9064-3947","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":511567,"name":"Claudia Miranda‐Castillo","orcid":"0000-0002-0282-5845","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1681317,"name":"Sarahí Rueda-Salazar","orcid":"0000-0002-4424-1768","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Cognitive health and protective factors: from a life expectancy approach","abstract":"<h4>Objective</h4>This study aimed to quantify the impact of gender and key proxies of cognitive reserve in later life, such as education and physical activity, on cognitive impairment-free life expectancy (CIFLE), and measure the significant regional disparities in cognitive health within Chile.<h4>Study design</h4>A panel dataset was employed to track the cognitive states of 1,959 Chilean individuals aged 60 years and over, who were interviewed in private households between 2017 and 2019.<h4>Methods</h4>Multistate modelling was applied to calculate CIFLE, total life expectancy, and the impact of protective factors on the lifespan and by geographical macrozone.<h4>Results</h4>Higher education was associated with an average increase of 4.7 years in CIFLE and 4.5-year gain for women. Notably, physical activity demonstrated a powerful compensatory effect, adding 5.5 years of CIFLE for women with lower educational attainment, thus acting as a key mechanism to reduce gender gaps. The study's primary contribution is the quantification of profound territorial inequalities: older adults in regions outside the metropolitan area faced an up to 30% higher risk of cognitive impairment at older ages. National averages were found to mask these divergent local realities Geographic differences suggest a more advantageous situation in cognitive health for women in the metropolitan region than in other macrozones.<h4>Conclusion</h4>This study provides the first subnational quantification of years with better cognitive health in Chile, revealing that territorial disparities are a critical dimension of health inequality. The findings offer a direct evidence base for National Plan of Dementia in Chile and the National System of support and Care, demonstrating the urgent need to move beyond a top-down approach and implement targeted, region-specific public health interventions to promote equitable cognitive aging.","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":0.6931471805599453,"endowment":0.6931471805599453,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"41875515","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W7135212345","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo","grant_id":"ICS13 _005","title":null},{"funder_name":"Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico","grant_id":"REGULAR 1191726","title":null},{"funder_name":"Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico","grant_id":"1241671","title":null},{"funder_name":"Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo","grant_id":"ICS2019 _024","title":null}],"total_grants":4,"fwci":8.3614,"citation_percentile":0.95792165,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2026,"count":1}],"oa_status":"closed","license":null,"oa_locations":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2026.119153","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41875515","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","Health and Well-being Studies","Optimism, Hope, and Well-being"],"mesh_terms":["Socioeconomic Disparities in Health","Aged","Aged, 80 and over","Chile","Cognition","Educational Status","Female","Humans","Life Expectancy","Male","Middle Aged","Sex Factors","Exercise","Health Status Disparities","Cognitive Reserve","Protective Factors"],"keywords":["Life expectancy","Cognition","Public health","MEDLINE","Expectancy theory","Population","Education","Latin America","Physical Activity","Older People","Cognitive Health","Cognitive Impairment Symptoms"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Gender equality"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-09T09:44:18.215967Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}