{"doi":"10.1016/j.simyco.2021.100115","title":"<i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>and aspergillosis: From basics to clinics","abstract":"The airborne fungus Aspergillus fumigatus poses a serious health threat to humans by causing numerous invasive infections and a notable mortality in humans, especially in immunocompromised patients. Mould-active azoles are the frontline therapeutics employed to treat aspergillosis. The global emergence of azole-resistant A . fumigatus isolates in clinic and environment, however, notoriously limits the therapeutic options of mould-active antifungals and potentially can be attributed to a mortality rate reaching up to 100 %. Although specific mutations in CYP 51A are the main cause of azole resistance, there is a new wave of azole-resistant isolates with wild-type CYP 51A genotype challenging the efficacy of the current diagnostic tools. Therefore, applications of whole-genome sequencing are increasingly gaining popularity to overcome such challenges. Prominent echinocandin tolerance, as well as liver and kidney toxicity posed by amphotericin B, necessitate a continuous quest for novel antifungal drugs to combat emerging azole-resistant A . fumigatus isolates. Animal models and the tools used for genetic engineering require further refinement to facilitate a better understanding about the resistance mechanisms, virulence, and immune reactions orchestrated against A . fumigatus . This review paper comprehensively discusses the current clinical challenges caused by A . fumigatus and provides insights on how to address them.","journal":"Studies in Mycology","year":2021,"id":146288,"datarank":0.8208406010507213,"base_score":5.472270673671475,"endowment":5.472270673671475,"self_citation_contribution":0.8208406010507213,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.8208406010507213,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":237,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9585,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":355369,"name":"Agostinho Carvalho","orcid":"0000-0001-8935-8030","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":573955,"name":"Jos Houbraken","orcid":"0000-0003-4893-4438","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":621518,"name":"Lisa Lombardi","orcid":"0000-0002-2522-1278","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":235817,"name":"Rocio Garcia‐Rubio","orcid":"0000-0003-4610-2996","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":235818,"name":"Jeffrey D. 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