{"doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179377","title":"Residential indoor temperatures and health: A scoping review of observational studies","abstract":"Adults spend most of their time indoors, especially in higher income countries. Indoor temperature exposures can vary substantially across households, even within a single geographic area. It is therefore critical to understand links between indoor temperature exposures and health or well-being outcomes, and to understand safe maximum indoor residential temperature thresholds that support health, well-being, and comfort. We systematically identified peer-reviewed, observational studies that quantified associations between residential indoor temperatures and mortality/morbidity outcomes. We extracted information on study location; population, health or well-being outcomes; indoor temperature exposure assessment methods; and, when available, empirically quantified safe maximum indoor temperature thresholds. In total, 29 papers were included in the review. The studies were conducted in the following continents: North America (N = 10), Europe (N = 5), Asia (N = 9), Australia (N = 4), and Africa (N = 1). The most common outcomes were cardiovascular morbidity (N = 10) and respiratory morbidity (N = 8) and thermal comfort (N = 9). Exposure assessment methods included data sensors, thermometers, data-driven models, and energy-based simulations. Despite variation in exposure assessment methods and outcomes assessed, results predominately suggested that warmer indoor temperatures were associated with adverse health or well-being outcomes, although in a handful of studies, associations were either null or in the unexpected, protective direction. Empirically identified safe thresholds for indoor temperature ranged from 18 °C to 35 °C and varied according to outcome. Results from this review may be used to inform the design of future studies of associations between indoor temperatures and morbidity or mortality outcomes.","journal":"The Science of The Total Environment","year":2025,"id":512481,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":12,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9603,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":593329,"name":"Anneclaire J. De Roos","orcid":"0000-0002-2811-2405","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1207412,"name":"Chima Cyril Hampo","orcid":"0000-0002-0657-529X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1305085,"name":"Wanyu Huang","orcid":"0000-0002-5786-5772","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1372637,"name":"Emily Lincoln","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1207413,"name":"Simi Hoque","orcid":"0000-0003-2459-1979","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":610134,"name":"Leah H. Schinasi","orcid":"0000-0001-8930-9896","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1080616,"name":"Janelle R Edwards","orcid":"0000-0003-2247-8833","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":61,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:48:06.263458Z","pmid":"40286610","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}