{"doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2023.100479","title":"Isothiocyanate-rich moringa seed extract reduces skin inflammation in mouse ear edema model","abstract":"Background: rodent models following oral application. Purpose: To investigate the topical anti-inflammatory activity of MSE and purified MIC-1 in a TPA-induced mouse ear edema model. Study Design: The present study elucidates the topical anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of action of MSE, containing 38% of MIC-1 and purified MIC-1 using a mouse ear edema model utilizing 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), as the pro-inflammatory agent. Methods: A time-dependent and dose-dependent response was determined by pretreating CD-1 mice with various doses of MSE and MIC-1, positive control, dexamethasone, or vehicle control, followed by TPA, and the subsequent difference in ear thickness was measured using digital Vernier calipers. The effective doses of MSE and MIC-1were then selected to evaluate the change in weight of the ears using 6 mm biopsy punches and the results were confirmed by microscopy. Inflammatory markers were quantified with Luminex multiplex immunoassay. Results: MSE and MIC-1 were effective in a dose-dependent manner in a TPA-induced ear edema model, causing a reduction in ear thickness and a 48% and 49% decrease in ear punch weight, respectively. MSE and MIC-1 also caused a reduction in the levels of cytokine and chemokines, interleukin 6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC) in the ear tissue. MSE and MIC-1 reduced IL-6 expression by 84% and 78%, MCP1 by 74% and 73%, and KC by 56% and 43%, respectively. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory effect of MSE and MIC-1 was confirmed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, used to assess the thickness of the ear swelling. MSE significantly reduced the thickness of the ears by 20% compared to TPA. Conclusion: These results reveal the topical anti-inflammatory properties of MSE, and MIC-1 likely transmitted via the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways as mentioned in previous studies. This work also suggests therapeutic uses of MSE and/or MIC-1 for skin inflammation.","journal":"Phytomedicine Plus","year":2023,"id":362681,"datarank":0.32958368660043297,"base_score":2.1972245773362196,"endowment":2.1972245773362196,"self_citation_contribution":0.32958368660043297,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.32958368660043297,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":8,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9643,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1116701,"name":"Keyaara Robinson","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":751023,"name":"Nanjoo Suh","orcid":"0000-0002-9962-9276","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":866192,"name":"Bozena Michniak‐Kohn","orcid":"0000-0002-3858-158X","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":324996,"name":"Michael Goedken","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":456871,"name":"Marianne Polunas","orcid":"0000-0003-1773-4492","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":271063,"name":"Ilya Raskin","orcid":"0000-0002-3025-8112","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":429694,"name":"Khea Wolff","orcid":"0000-0001-6843-628X","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":46,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:14:23.749325Z","pmid":"38037612","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}