{"doi":"10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155778","title":"Immulina® mitigates the development of illness when administered during the prodromal period of influenza viral infection in mice (Part 2)","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Immulina®, a dietary supplement derived from Limnospira (formerly Arthrospira), is being investigated as a potential agent to increase antiviral resilience. In our recently published manuscript, we described the effects of Immulina® on influenza when taken daily, beginning before infection (prophylaxis) or after the onset of clinical symptoms of viral illness (therapeutic). However, the benefit of Immulina® in infected individuals before the manifestation of any symptoms (prodromal) has not been investigated yet. PURPOSE: To evaluate Immulina®'s potential use to increase the host antiviral immune response using a prodromal therapy regime. STUDY DESIGN: The efficacy of Immulina® extract was evaluated in rodents using a prodromal protocol (test material administered prior to the emergence of viral illness symptoms). METHODS: Immulina® (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight) was orally administered to both genders of mice, 2 h following influenza A viral infection, and continued daily for 14 days. RESULTS: Compared to the infected control mice, animals fed Immulina® exhibited statistically significant reduction in the emergence of various physical symptoms of viral-induced illness and decreased viral RNA levels. The effects are likely mediated through the host immune system since the level of various cytokines (IL-6 and IFN-γ) were significantly increased in lung tissue. CONCLUSION: This study, together with our previous paper, indicate that Immulina® was most effective at enhancing immune antiviral resilience if administered before or soon after initial infection. The data generated can be used to guide additional research using human subjects.","journal":"Phytomedicine","year":2024,"id":471113,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":2,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9601,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1300308,"name":"Kashif Shamim","orcid":"0000-0001-7996-1477","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1300309,"name":"Jin Zhang","orcid":"0000-0001-9309-8657","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":769474,"name":"Shabana I. Khan","orcid":"0000-0001-6429-7219","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":692584,"name":"Siddharth Tripathi","orcid":"0000-0002-4324-2814","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":286137,"name":"Ikhlas A. Khan","orcid":"0000-0001-5464-4643","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1128551,"name":"Gailen D. Marshall","orcid":"0000-0003-4092-6556","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1300310,"name":"Mohammad K. Ashfaq","orcid":"0000-0002-3853-8880","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":920475,"name":"Nirmal D. Pugh","orcid":"0000-0002-5392-3138","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1149019,"name":"Tahir Maqbool Mir","orcid":"0000-0002-7294-3660","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":18,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:05:44.736405Z","pmid":"38876006","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}