{"doi":"10.1016/j.optom.2020.02.004","title":"The effect of gaming on accommodative and vergence facilities after exposure to virtual reality head-mounted display","abstract":"To investigate the change between accommodative and vergence facilities before and after exposure to gaming in a virtual reality (VR) device amongst participants with normal binocular visual function. 62 participants between the ages of 18–30 years with normal binocular visual function and inter-pupillary distances between 51 and 70 mm were selected for the study. Spectacle and contact lenses users were excluded. The experimental group (n = 42) was exposed to gaming using Samsung Gear VR(SM -R323) whilst the control group (n = 20) watched a television film projected on a two-dimensional screen at 1 m. Pre-test and post-test binocular amplitude-scaled facilities and vergence facilities were obtained for both groups after exposures of 25 min. Binocular accommodative facilities for the experimental group had a mean pre-test and post-test facility of 11.14 ± 3.67 cpm and 13.38 ± 3.63 cpm, respectively, after gaming using VR device. The vergence facilities for the experimental group had a mean pre-test and post-test facility of 11.41 ± 3.86 cpm and 15.28 ± 4.93 cpm, respectively, after gaming using a VR device. Binocular accommodative facilities for the control group had a mean pre-test and post-test facility of 11.70 ± 3.2 cpm and 11.95 ± 3.4 cpm, respectively. Vergence facilities for the control group had a mean pre-test and post-test facility of 11.55 ± 6.4 cpm and 11.70 ± 4.9 cpm, respectively. The mean change for binocular accommodative facilities was 2.24 ± 3.43 cpm and 0.25 ± 1.25 cpm for the experimental and control group, respectively. The mean change for vergence facilities was 3.81 ± 3.09 cpm and 0.15 ± 2.72 cpm for the experimental and control group, respectively. Binocular accommodative facilities and vergence facility showed a statistically significant mean increase greater than the control group after gaming using a VR device using an independent t-test (p < 0.05). The results showed that binocular accommodative facilities and vergence facilities increased after 25 min of VR gaming in emmetropic participants under 30 years of age with inter-pupillary distances between 51 mm and 70 mm. Investigar el cambio en la flexibilidad de acomodación y vergencia antes y después de la exposición al juego en un dispositivo de realidad virtual (RV) entre participantes con función visual binocular normal. Para el estudio se seleccionó a 62 participantes de edades comprendidas entre 18 y 30 años, con función visual binocular normal y distancias inter-pupilares comprendidas entre 51 y 70 mm. Se excluyó a los usuarios de gafas y lentillas. El grupo experimental (n = 42) se expuso al juego utilizando Samsung Gear VR (SM-R323), mientras el grupo control (n = 20) visionó una película de televisión proyectada en una pantalla de dos dimensiones a una distancia de 1 m. Se obtuvieron en ambos grupos los valores de flexibilidad de amplitud escalada binocular y de vergencia pre-test y post-test, tras una exposición de 25 minutos. Los valores medios de flexibilidad de acomodación binocular pre-test y post-test para el grupo experimental fueron de 11,14 ± 3,67 cpm y 13,38 ± 3,63 cpm, respectivamente, tras el juego con el dispositivo de RV. Los valores medios de flexibilidad de vergencia para el grupo experimental fueron de 11,41 ± 3,86 cpm y 15,28 ± 4,93 cpm, respectivamente, tras el juego con el dispositivo de RV. Los valores medios de flexibilidad de acomodación binocular pre-test y post-test para el grupo control fueron de 11,7 ± 3,2 cpm y 11,95 ± 3,4 cpm, respectivamente. Los valores medios de flexibilidad de vergencia pre-test y post-test para el grupo control fueron de 11,55 ± 6,4 cpm y 11,7 ± 4,9 cpm, respectivamente. Los valores del cambio medio para la flexibilidad de acomodación binocular fueron de 2,24 ± 3,43 cpm y 0,25 ± 1,25 cpm para los grupos experimental y control, respectivamente. Los valores del cambio medio para la flexibilidad de vergencia fueron de 3,81 ± 3,09 cpm y 0,15 ± 2,72 cpm para los grupos experimental y control, resp","journal":"Journal of Optometry","year":2020,"id":96408,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":34,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9571,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":477714,"name":"Husna Paruk","orcid":"0000-0003-2611-7218","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":478352,"name":"Bronwyn Gopichunder","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":478353,"name":"Anela Luggya","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":478354,"name":"Thembekile Majola","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":478355,"name":"Sneliswa Khulu","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":477713,"name":"Alvin J. Munsamy","orcid":"0000-0003-4252-1317","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":14,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T22:34:34.781847Z","pmid":"32234359","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}