{"doi":"10.1016/j.ophtha.2025.01.016","title":"Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Impact on Chronic Ocular Disease Including Age-Related Macular Degeneration","abstract":"PURPOSE: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have been shown to exert neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects across multiple organ systems. This study investigated whether GLP-1RAs influence the risk for age-related ocular diseases. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: This study used an electronic health records platform of patients in the United States. Patients > 60 years with at least 5 years of ophthalmology follow-up and medication prescription documentation were included. There were 5 medication groups: GLP-1RA, metformin, insulin, statin, or aspirin users. Cohorts were propensity matched (1:1) on demographics and chronic disease risk factors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Outcomes of cataract, ocular hypertension, primary open-angle glaucoma, nonexudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and exudative AMD were compared 5 years after initial medication prescription. We then examined earlier time points within the 5-year period. Significance was defined as P < 0.05 with a hazard ratio (HR) threshold of > 1.1 or < 0.9. RESULTS: . Propensity-matched cohorts demonstrated that GLP-1RAs were associated with a reduced hazard of nonexudative AMD compared with metformin (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.56-0.84), insulin (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.58-0.89), and statins (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.57-0.87). These findings were validated compared with aspirin and in an independent older cohort of patients. This significant reduction appeared after 3 years compared with metformin (HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.52-0.91), insulin (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.5-0.87), and statins (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.51-0.88). Time course results were validated using independent cohorts of propensity-matched patients taking medications for 3 years. Notably, GLP-1RAs also significantly reduced the risk of exudative AMD (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.58-0.84) and primary open-angle glaucoma (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.45-0.76) compared with insulin after 3 years. Use of GLP-1RAs showed no persistent impact on the risk of cataract formation or ocular hypertension compared with other medications. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that GLP-1RAs may reduce the risk of multiple age-related ocular diseases and the need for future prospective studies to validate these findings. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.","journal":"Ophthalmology","year":2025,"id":509151,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":44,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.8366,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1361939,"name":"Julia H. Joo","orcid":"0009-0000-1299-8144","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1361940,"name":"Sonia Kim","orcid":"0009-0002-4827-6906","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1208542,"name":"Jacqueline K. Shaia","orcid":"0000-0001-7873-669X","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":109146,"name":"David C. Kaelber","orcid":"0000-0001-7855-9515","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":323241,"name":"Rishi P. Singh","orcid":"0000-0001-5859-8162","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":323240,"name":"Katherine E. Talcott","orcid":"0000-0003-0458-4181","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":723394,"name":"Aleksandra Rachitskaya","orcid":"0000-0001-5545-9474","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":301462,"name":"Kevin Allan","orcid":"0000-0002-4206-9781","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":39,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:47:00.188082Z","pmid":"39863057","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}