{"doi":"10.1016/j.omton.2025.201121","title":"Recombinant CALR polarizes and activates macrophages in tumors","abstract":". In culture, recombinant CALR rapidly shifted macrophages to an inflammatory M1 phenotype. Media from CALR-stimulated macrophages activated dendritic cells and induced expression of B7 costimulatory markers, which are required for T cell stimulation. In mice, recombinant CALR reduced tumor volume and increased the number of leukocytes and inflammatory macrophages that express B7 costimulatory markers. Recombinant CALR also increased T cell infiltration and the number of activated helper T cells. The observed reduction in tumor growth may have been caused by macrophage polarization and activation of helper T cells. Overall, the administration of recombinant CALR induces artificial ICD, which has the potential to increase antigen presentation, promote infiltration of cytotoxic T cells, and amplify the efficacy of immune therapy in general.","journal":"Molecular Therapy Oncology","year":2025,"id":549746,"datarank":0.10397207708399181,"base_score":0.6931471805599453,"endowment":0.6931471805599453,"self_citation_contribution":0.10397207708399181,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.10397207708399181,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.952,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":625807,"name":"Neil S. Forbes","orcid":"0000-0002-4745-753X","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1250163,"name":"Simin Manole","orcid":"0009-0001-9302-9712","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":58,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:54:12.321988Z","pmid":"41552760","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}