{"doi":"10.1016/j.omtm.2021.03.018","title":"HIV-based lentiviral vectors: Origin and sequence differences","abstract":"regulatory elements were retained. With the use of representative vectors developed for clinical/commercial applications, we compared the vector backbone sequences to the initial sources of the HIV-1. All vectors included required elements: 5' long terminal repeat (LTR) through the Ψ packaging signal, central polypurine tract/chain termination sequence (cPPT/CTS), Rev responsive element (RRE), and 3' LTR, including a poly(A) signal. The Ψ signaling sequence demonstrated the greatest similarity between all vectors with only minor changes. The 3' LTR was the most divergent sequence with a range of deletions. The RRE length varied between vectors. Phylogenetic analysis of the cPPT/CTS indicated multiple sources, perhaps because of its later inclusion into lentiviral vector systems, whereas other regions revealed node clusters around the HIV-1 reference genomes HXB2 and NL4-3. We examine the function of each region in a lentiviral vector, the molecular differences between vectors, and where optimization may guide development of the lentiviral delivery systems.","journal":"Molecular Therapy — Methods & Clinical Development","year":2021,"id":159606,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":40,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9086,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":670832,"name":"Anna Francesca Alvarado","orcid":"0000-0002-2940-0337","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":670833,"name":"Trey N. Moffatt","orcid":"0000-0001-5556-3546","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":671619,"name":"Joshua M. Edavettal","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":670834,"name":"Tarun A. Swaminathan","orcid":"0000-0002-6431-0142","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":442097,"name":"Stephen E. Braun","orcid":"0000-0002-4521-2678","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":579697,"name":"Nathan M. Johnson","orcid":"0000-0001-7994-9523","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":98,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:44:39.550981Z","pmid":"33981779","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}