{"doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2020.111065","title":"Salt-reduction strategies may compromise salt iodization programs: Learnings from South Africa and Ghana","abstract":"OBJECTIVES: Universal salt iodization has been adopted by many countries to address iodine deficiency. More recently, salt-reduction strategies have been widely implemented to meet global salt intake targets of <5 g/d. Compatibility of the two policies has yet to be demonstrated. This study compares urinary iodine excretion (UIE) according to 24-h urinary sodium excretion, between South Africa (SA) and Ghana; both countries have implemented universal salt iodization, but in Ghana no salt-reduction legislation has been implemented. METHODS: Participants from the World Health Organization's Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health Wave 3, with survey and valid 24-h urinary data (Ghana, n = 495; SA, n = 707), comprised the sample. Median 24-h UIE was compared across salt intake categories of <5, 5-9 and >9 g/d. RESULTS: In Ghana, median sodium excretion indicated a salt intake of 10.7 g/d (interquartile range [IQR] = 7.6), and median UIE was 182.4 µg/L (IQR = 162.5). In SA, both values were lower: median salt = 5.6 g/d (IQR = 5.0), median UIE = 100.2 µg/L (IQR = 129.6). UIE differed significantly across salt intake categories (P < 0.001) in both countries, with positive correlations observed in both-Ghana: r = 0.1501, P < 0.0011; South Africa: r = 0.4050, P < 0.0001. Participants with salt intakes <9 g/d in SA did not meet the World Health Organization's recommended iodine intake of 150 µg/d, but this was not the case in Ghana. CONCLUSIONS: Monitoring and surveillance of iodine status is recommended in countries that have introduced salt-reduction strategies, in order to prevent reemergence of iodine deficiency.","journal":"Nutrition","year":2020,"id":77620,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":19,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9632,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":361817,"name":"Barbara Corso","orcid":"0000-0002-0684-9078","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":367165,"name":"Nadia Minicuci","orcid":"0000-0002-0970-6531","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":367166,"name":"Ilaria Rocco","orcid":"0000-0002-9267-6694","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":404357,"name":"Lizelle Zandberg","orcid":"0000-0001-9309-8710","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":404358,"name":"Jeannine Baumgartner","orcid":"0000-0002-9107-4181","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":367167,"name":"Joanna Russell","orcid":"0000-0002-0223-9256","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":404359,"name":"Nirmala Naidoo","orcid":"0000-0003-3186-7486","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":367169,"name":"Richard Biritwum","orcid":"0000-0002-0025-7354","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":22790,"name":"Aletta E. Schutte","orcid":"0000-0001-9217-4937","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":367170,"name":"Paul Kowal","orcid":"0000-0002-6314-8753","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":367171,"name":"Karen Charlton","orcid":"0000-0002-8044-444X","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":367164,"name":"Elias Menyanu","orcid":"0000-0002-8308-0186","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":35,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T21:49:16.197289Z","pmid":"33450677","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}