{"doi":"10.1016/j.neuron.2024.07.023","title":"A bimodal taxonomy of adult human brain sulcal morphology related to timing of fetal sulcation and trans-sulcal gene expression gradients","abstract":"We developed a computational pipeline (now provided as a resource) for measuring morphological similarity between cortical surface sulci to construct a sulcal phenotype network (SPN) from each magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan in an adult cohort (n = 34,725; 45-82 years). Networks estimated from pairwise similarities of 40 sulci on 5 morphological metrics comprised two clusters of sulci, represented also by the bimodal distribution of sulci on a linear-to-complex dimension. Linear sulci were more heritable and typically located in unimodal cortex, and complex sulci were less heritable and typically located in heteromodal cortex. Aligning these results with an independent fetal brain MRI cohort (n = 228; 21-36 gestational weeks), we found that linear sulci formed earlier, and the earliest and latest-forming sulci had the least between-adult variation. Using high-resolution maps of cortical gene expression, we found that linear sulcation is mechanistically underpinned by trans-sulcal gene expression gradients enriched for developmental processes.","journal":"Neuron","year":2024,"id":438923,"datarank":0.4086060453075363,"base_score":2.3978952727983707,"endowment":2.3978952727983707,"self_citation_contribution":0.3596842909197557,"citation_network_contribution":0.048921754387780646,"self_endowment_contribution":0.3596842909197557,"citer_contribution":0.048921754387780646,"corpus_percentile":54.94701013382842,"corpus_rank":5825,"citation_count":10,"citer_count":8,"citers_with_citation_signal":5,"citers_with_endowment":5,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":true,"is_dataset_confidence":0.8728,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":45.8333,"fair_percentile":59.49250993579945,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":232629,"name":"Petra E. 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Robinson","orcid":"0000-0002-7886-3426","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":267994,"name":"Jean‐François Mangin","orcid":"0000-0002-1612-461X","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":232635,"name":"Armin Raznahan","orcid":"0000-0002-5622-1190","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":52341,"name":"Edward T. Bullmore","orcid":"0000-0002-8955-8283","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":515253,"name":"William E. Snyder","orcid":"0000-0001-8629-4633","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":95,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:00:43.618468Z","pmid":"39178859","pmcid":"PMC11502256","fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":61.1111,"fair_a":81.25,"fair_i":20.0,"fair_r":33.3333,"fair_zscore":0.4506,"fair_rationale":{"fair_score":45.83,"has_llm":true,"taxonomy_version":"fair_taxonomy_v5","dimensions":{"F":{"name":"Findable","score":61.11,"criteria":[{"key":"f_dataset_pid","label":"Persistent identifier for the data","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"Benchmark adult, fetal, and transcriptional sulcal annotation data are included in Supplemental Tables and have been deposited on GitHub.","grounded":true,"rationale":"The dataset is deposited on GitHub, which provides a URL but not a persistent identifier scheme in the PID list. 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Prefer open neuroimaging formats such as NIfTI or BIDS.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No file format is named for the released data.","gain":8.33,"priority":"important","scored":true},{"key":"f_dataset_cited","dimension":"F","label":"Dataset formally cited","action":"Cite the dataset in the reference list like a publication — creator, year, title, repository, DOI/accession — and cite it in-text where it is used. Only a reference- list entry is machine-readable to Crossref/DataCite, and only a citation lets the data earn credit. 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