{"doi":"10.1016/j.neunet.2012.02.023","title":"Multi-column deep neural network for traffic sign classification","abstract":"We describe the approach that won the final phase of the German traffic sign recognition benchmark. Our method is the only one that achieved a better-than-human recognition rate of 99.46%. We use a fast, fully parameterizable GPU implementation of a Deep Neural Network (DNN) that does not require careful design of pre-wired feature extractors, which are rather learned in a supervised way. Combining various DNNs trained on differently preprocessed data into a Multi-Column DNN (MCDNN) further boosts recognition performance, making the system insensitive also to variations in contrast and illumination.","journal":"Neural Networks","year":2012,"id":6357,"datarank":1.0417576595588751,"base_score":6.945051063725834,"endowment":6.945051063725834,"self_citation_contribution":1.0417576595588751,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":1.0417576595588751,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1037,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.0415,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2012-08-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":58811,"name":"Ueli Meier","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":58812,"name":"Jonathan Masci","orcid":"0000-0001-6279-1918","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":56509,"name":"Jürgen Schmidhuber","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":58810,"name":"Dan Cireşan","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":27,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-03-01T18:20:47.508186Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}