{"doi":"10.1016/j.jneb.2025.11.003","title":"Skin Carotenoid Score Level and Race Affect Intradevice Repeatability of Veggie Meter® at a Single Time Point","abstract":"OBJECTIVE: To compare the reliability of 2 methods (3 scan average vs average of scan 2 and 3) of skin carotenoid score (SCS) measurement and identify participant-level factors affecting intradevice repeatability of Veggie Meter® (VM). DESIGN: Cross-sectional study in Illinois. PARTICIPANTS: The sample (N = 587) included about 36% children, 27% adolescents, and 32% adults; 67% were White, 14% Asian, 10% Black or African American, 8% mixed race, 1% Native Hawaiian, and 0.4% American Indian; 92% were non-Hispanic, and 53% female. VARIABLE MEASURED: Three consecutive SCS readings using 2 devices. Self-reported or parent-reported demographic information. ANALYSIS: Paired sample t-tests compared the coefficient of variation of the 3-scan average SCS with the coefficient of variation of the second and third-scan average SCS. We conducted sign tests and generated Bland-Altman plots to determine the type of errors. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests assessed if repeatability coefficients of the 3 consecutive SCS readings were different across age, race, ethnicity, and SCS quartiles, where repeatability coefficients = within-subject SD × √2 × 1.96. RESULTS: = 9.7, P = 0.02). Pairwise comparisons showed that repeatability coefficients were significantly lower for Black or African American participants than White (mean SCS difference = 22.3, P = 0.001) and Asian participants (mean SCS difference = 23.7, P = 0.005) in one device (VM 1). CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Findings support using the average of the second and third scans as a more reliable method for assessing SCS. Reporting device-specific repeatability coefficients for the VM may enhance the interpretability of SCS, particularly for individuals with low SCS and for Black or African American participants.","journal":"Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior","year":2025,"id":584605,"datarank":0.16479184330021646,"base_score":1.0986122886681096,"endowment":1.0986122886681096,"self_citation_contribution":0.16479184330021646,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.16479184330021646,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":2,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.607,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":319987,"name":"Stephanie Jilcott Pitts","orcid":"0000-0001-8838-638X","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1498156,"name":"C Román","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":773573,"name":"Naiman A. Khan","orcid":"0000-0002-6135-9389","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1484064,"name":"Saima Hasnin","orcid":"0000-0003-2121-8642","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":22,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:59:16.166424Z","pmid":"41364045","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}