{"doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.05.005","title":"Effects of COVID-19 vaccination and past SARS-CoV-2 infection on subsequent COVID-19 infection in people with HIV","abstract":"BACKGROUND: This study aims to estimate the time-varying effects of primary and booster COVID-19 vaccination and past SARS-CoV-2 infection on subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection (including new infection and re-infection) in people with HIV (PWH). METHODS: A population-based cohort was retrieved from the integrated statewide HIV electronic health record (EHR) dataset, COVID-19 vaccination dataset, and COVID-19 diagnoses dataset between March 2, 2020 and April 14, 2022. The pre-specified outcome was any SARS-CoV-2 infection. We used Cox regression to estimate the time-varying effects of primary and booster vaccination and past infection on the risks of subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection. RESULTS: A total of 18,509 eligible PWH who had documentation of COVID-19 testing or COVID-19 vaccination records were included for analysis. The effectiveness of primary vaccination against infection, compared with being unvaccinated, was relatively low (26.70 %, 95 % CI: 12.10 %, 38.88 %) at two months, while the effectiveness of a booster dose after two months was high (43.53 %, 95 %CI: 27.54 %, 55.99 %), compared with primary vaccination only (e.g., first two doses of Pfizer or Moderna, or the single dose of Janssen). The effectiveness of past COVID-19 infection during Pre-Delta and Delta dominant periods at one month against reinfection was (67.43 %; 95 %CI: 52.74 %, 77.55 %) and (64.57 %; 95 %CI: 1.39 %, 87.27 %), respectively. CONCLUSION: Natural immunity conferred from past COVID-19 infection in PWH against reinfection appeared to be higher than vaccine-induced immunity. Boosters were more effective than the primary series alone in preventing subsequent infection.","journal":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","year":2025,"id":566666,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":0.0,"corpus_rank":10347,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":true,"is_dataset_confidence":0.8256,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1113296,"name":"Fanghui Shi","orcid":"0000-0002-5603-5398","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1109168,"name":"Shujie Chen","orcid":"0000-0001-5319-4660","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1109167,"name":"Ziang Liu","orcid":"0000-0002-1364-3502","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":951950,"name":"Yangjianchen Xu","orcid":"0000-0002-1229-0477","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":275825,"name":"Gregory A. Poland","orcid":"0000-0001-5057-4457","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":295082,"name":"Sharon Weissman","orcid":"0000-0002-2854-5745","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":295083,"name":"Bankole Olatosi","orcid":"0000-0002-8295-8735","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":334060,"name":"Jiajia Zhang","orcid":"0000-0003-4566-0822","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":42140,"name":"Xiaoming Li","orcid":"0000-0002-5555-9034","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":329427,"name":"Xueying Yang","orcid":"0000-0001-6788-0688","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":41,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:56:40.491968Z","pmid":"40461333","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}